人工智能时代人的本质何以被遮蔽？——基于马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的伦理反思

How Is Human Essence Obscured in the Age of Artificial Intelligence?—An Ethical Reflection Based on Marx’s “Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844”

摘要: 人工智能的类人能力使“人何以为人”面临新的追问。文章以马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为理论根基，将人的本质理解为对象性活动中的感性确证，并在此视域中审视数字智能时代对象化活动、感性、劳动产品三个概念的内涵变化。技术应用方式正在系统性地重构人的自我确证条件，其根源在于资本增殖逻辑对技术发展方向的支配。超越困境的路径在于将技术从对人的替代转向对人的扩展，重建人在对象化活动中感知自身本质的感性条件。

Abstract: The human-like capabilities of artificial intelligence give rise to a renewed inquiry into what makes a human being human. Taking Marx’s “Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844” as its theoretical foundation, this paper understands human essence as sensuous confirmation in objective activity, and examines from this perspective the conceptual changes of objective activity, sensuousness, and labor products in the digital-intelligent age. The mode of technological application is systematically restructuring the conditions of human self-confirmation, rooted in the domination of the direction of technological development by the logic of capital valorization. The path beyond this predicament lies in shifting technology from substituting for human beings to expanding their capacities, thereby reestablishing the sensuous conditions in which human beings can perceive their own essence in objective activity.