从“物的依赖”到“数据的依赖”——马克思人学视域下数字时代人的依赖关系新变化

From “Dependence on Things” to “Dependence on Data”—New Changes in Human Dependence Relations in the Digital Era from the Perspective of Marxist Human Studies

摘要: 数字技术推动人的社会关系由传统“物的依赖”向“数据的依赖”延伸。本文以马克思异化劳动与商品拜物教理论为基础，将“数据的依赖”理解为物化关系在数据化、平台化和算法化条件下的新表现，揭示数据经平台聚合与算法计算后由人的活动结果转化为反向塑造主体的力量。结合数字劳动、监控资本主义与算法权力研究，分析其在认知、劳动和日常生活中的现实表征，并提出以人的发展为尺度、规范数据与算法权力、提升数字主体能力的超越路径。

Abstract: Digital technologies are extending human dependence from the traditional “dependence on things” toward a new form of “dependence on data.” Drawing on Marx’s theories of alienated labour and commodity fetishism, this article interprets data dependence as a new manifestation of reified social relations under conditions of datafication, platformization and algorithmization. It explains how data, after being aggregated by platforms and processed by algorithms, can turn from the product of human activity into a force that feeds back into and shapes human cognition, labour and everyday life. By engaging research on digital labour, surveillance capitalism and algorithmic power, the article proposes to reassert human development as the normative yardstick, regulate data and algorithmic power, and strengthen the capacities of digital subjects.