基于多元逐步Logistic回归模型分析社区老年人肌少症的影响因素

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Sarcopenia among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Based on Multivariate Stepwise Logistic Regression Model

摘要: 目的：探究成都市天府新区社区老年人肌少症的流行现状，分析身体活动、营养状况、人口学特征等因素对肌少症的独立影响效应，为社区老年人肌少症的防控提供实证依据。方法：运用SARC-Calf肌少症筛查量表、国际身体活动短卷量表、迷你营养评估量表对成都市天府新区112名60岁及以上社区老年人开展问卷调查，同时收集身高、体重、小腿围等体格指标。采用SPSS软件进行数据分析，采用多元逐步Logistic回归模型筛选肌少症独立影响因素。结果：本次研究老年人肌少症总体患病率为11%，其中女性患病率12.7%，男性患病率8.8%，女性患病率显著高于男性(P < 0.05)。结果表明，营养状况、性别是老年人肌少症的独立影响因素，营养状况为保护性因素，女性性别为危险性因素，而常规身体活动、静坐时长无独立预测作用。结论：成都市天府新区社区老年人营养状况整体有待改善，肌少症存在明显性别分层特征，老年女性为高危人群。营养状况是该地区老年人肌少症的核心独立保护因素，作用强度显著高于常规身体活动。社区肌少症防控应调整“重运动、轻营养”的模式，重点针对老年女性开展精准营养干预，搭配抗阻运动指导，降低肌少症发病风险。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults in Tianfu New Area of Chengdu, analyze the independent effects of physical activity, nutritional status, demographic characteristics and other factors on sarcopenia, and provide empirical evidence for the prevention and control of sarcopenia in community older adults. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 112 community residents aged 60 years and above in Tianfu New Area of Chengdu using the SARC-Calf Sarcopenia Screening Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Physical indicators including height, weight and calf circumference were collected simultaneously. SPSS software was used for data analysis, and multivariate stepwise logistic regression model was adopted to screen independent influencing factors of sarcopenia. Results: The overall prevalence of sarcopenia among older adults in this study was 11%, with a prevalence of 12.7% in females and 8.8% in males. The prevalence was significantly higher in females than in males (P < 0.05). Nutritional status and gender were identified as independent influencing factors for sarcopenia in older adults. Nutritional status acted as a protective factor while female gender was a risk factor. Regular physical activity and sedentary duration showed no independent predictive effect. Conclusion: The overall nutritional status of community older adults in Tianfu New Area of Chengdu needs to be improved. Sarcopenia presents obvious gender stratification, and older women constitute the high-risk group. Nutritional status serves as the core independent protective factor against sarcopenia for older adults in this region, with a significantly stronger effect than regular physical activity. Community-based sarcopenia prevention and control should shift away from the pattern of “emphasizing exercise while neglecting nutrition”. Targeted nutritional interventions combined with resistance exercise guidance should be prioritized for older women to reduce the risk of sarcopenia. Professional resistance exercise guidance to reduce the incidence risk of sarcopenia.