中美高中体育教科书助学系统支架要素的比较研究——以人教版与Human Kinetics版为例

A Comparative Study of Scaffolding Elements in High School Physical Education Textbooks in China and the United States—Taking the People’s Education Press Edition and the Human Kinetics Edition as Examples

摘要: 助学系统的支架要素是教科书实现从“教本”向“学本”转型的基础性支撑，其编写质量制约着学生自主学习的成效与教科书的实际使用率。本研究以中国人民教育出版社高中《体育与健康》教科书与美国Human Kinetics出版社第七版《Fitness for Life》为分析对象，围绕前言、目录、章节导言和附录资料四项支架要素展开系统的文本比较。研究表明，两版教科书在支架要素的功能定位上存在显著区别：人教版以精简规范为特征，侧重价值引领与内容检索效率，体现了教材编写的规范性诉求；Human Kinetics版以详实开放为特征，侧重方法指导与学习工具前置，反映了市场化出版机制下以学习者为中心的编写取向。基于上述发现，本研究从价值引领与方法指导的协同、目录导学功能的强化、章节导言模块边界的厘清以及附录功能多元拓展四个维度提出优化建议，以期为我国高中体育教科书助学系统的修订完善提供理论参照与实践路径。

Abstract: Scaffolding elements in the learning support system are the fundamental support for textbooks to transform from “teaching materials” to “learning materials.” Their quality directly affects the effectiveness of students’ self-directed learning and the actual usage rate of the textbooks. This study takes the high school textbook “Physical Education and Health” published by the People’s Education Press and the seventh edition of “Fitness for Life” published by Human Kinetics in the United States as the analysis objects, and conducts a systematic textual comparison around four scaffolding elements: preface, table of contents, chapter introductions, and appendices. Research indicates a significant difference in the functional positioning of scaffolding elements between the two versions of the textbook: the People’s Education Press version is characterized by conciseness and standardization, emphasizing value guidance and efficient content retrieval, reflecting the standardized requirements of textbook compilation; the Human Kinetics version is characterized by detail and openness, emphasizing methodological guidance and pre-positioned learning tools, reflecting a learner-centered compilation approach under a market-oriented publishing mechanism. Based on these findings, this study proposes optimization suggestions from four dimensions: synergy between value guidance and methodological guidance, strengthening the guiding function of the table of contents, clarifying the boundaries of the chapter introduction module, and diversifying the functions of the appendix. The aim is to provide theoretical reference and practical pathways for the revision and improvement of the scaffolding system in Chinese high school physical education textbooks.