一级学科建设背景下法医学本科实习效果提升路径研究

Pathways for Enhancing Internship Effectiveness in Forensic Medicine Undergraduate Education under First-Level Discipline Construction

摘要: 在法医学一级学科建设的政策驱动下，实习教学作为知识转化与能力生成的关键环节，其质量关乎人才培养改革的成败。为揭示实习效果背后的深层制约因素及其作用机制，本研究采用扎根理论方法，对某医学院校法医学专业61份毕业生开放式反馈文本进行系统编码与分析，提炼出“参与性困境”“结构性缺陷”与“冲突性压力”三大核心范畴，并构建了“结构制约→参与受阻→动力消解”的递推链条。研究发现，缓解冲突性压力应作为改革的首要干预环节，进而协同推进结构性优化与参与性保障，为法医学及同类医学专业的实践教学改革提供可借鉴的实践路径。

Abstract: Driven by the policy to establish forensic medicine as a first-level discipline, internship teaching serves as a critical bridge between knowledge acquisition and competency development, and its quality directly determines the success of educational reform. To identify the deep-seated constraints and their mechanisms affecting internship outcomes, this study applied grounded theory to systematically code and analyze open-ended feedback from 61 graduates of a forensic medicine program. Three core categories were extracted-participatory dilemmas, structural deficiencies, and conflicting pressures-and a recursive chain of “structural constraints → participation obstruction → motivational dissipation” was constructed. The findings suggest that alleviating conflicting pressures should be the primary intervention, followed by coordinated structural optimization and participatory safeguards, providing actionable pathways for practical teaching reform in forensic medicine and analogous medical disciplines.