虚拟现实技术在儿童康复护理训练中的研究进展

Research Progress of Virtual Reality Technology in Pediatric Rehabilitation Nursing Training

摘要: 儿童康复需求持续增长，脑瘫患病率约2‰~3‰，自闭症谱系障碍患病率亦逐年上升。传统康复模式受限于人力不足、场景单一、费用高昂及个体化欠缺。虚拟现实(Virtual Reality, VR)技术凭借沉浸性、交互性与可定制性，为儿童康复护理提供新契机。本文系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI等数据库，综述VR在儿童康复训练中的应用现状、优势、效果及局限。结果表明，VR在脑瘫平衡与运动功能、自闭症社交与情绪认知、注意缺陷多动障碍认知训练及住院患儿疼痛管理等领域效果积极，可提升患儿参与度与依从性，营造安全训练环境，支持远程康复。但现有研究样本量偏小、缺乏长期随访、评估标准不一，技术不良反应及临床规范亦待完善。VR作为辅助康复手段前景良好，未来需大样本多中心研究，融合人工智能与增强现实技术，健全护理评估体系，促进儿童康复护理智能化发展。

Abstract: The demand for pediatric rehabilitation has been steadily increasing, with the global prevalence of cerebral palsy approximately 2‰~3‰ and the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder rising annually. Traditional rehabilitation models are constrained by insufficient staffing, monotonous training environments, high costs, and a lack of individualization. Virtual reality (VR) technology, characterized by immersion, interactivity, and customizability, offers new opportunities for pediatric rehabilitation nursing. This paper systematically retrieved literature from PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases to review the current status, advantages, effects, and limitations of VR applications in pediatric rehabilitation training. The results indicate that VR has demonstrated positive effects in areas such as balance and motor function training for cerebral palsy, social and emotional cognition training for autism spectrum disorder, cognitive training for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and pain management in hospitalized children. VR can enhance patient engagement and compliance, provide a safe training environment, and support tele-rehabilitation. However, existing studies are limited by small sample sizes, lack of long-term follow-up, and inconsistent assessment tools. Technical adverse effects and the need for standardized clinical protocols also remain to be addressed. As an adjunctive rehabilitation tool, VR shows considerable promise. Future research should prioritize large-scale, multicenter studies, integrate artificial intelligence and augmented reality technologies, and refine nursing assessment frameworks to promote the intelligent development of pediatric rehabilitation nursing.