数字经济驱动农业现代化：作用机理、现实困境与优化路径

The Digital Economy as a Driver of Agricultural Modernization: Mechanisms, Practical Challenges, and Optimization Pathways

摘要: 农业是国民经济的重要基础，推进农业现代化是实现农业高质量发展的重要任务。伴随物联网、云计算、大数据等数字技术的快速发展，数字经济正广泛渗透农业生产经营各领域，并成为推动农业数字化转型的重要动力。从理论层面看，数字经济驱动农业现代化主要通过数据要素、数字技术、经营主体、产业体系和应用场景等方面发挥作用，内在遵循着“要素奠基–技术驱动–主体赋能–产业升级–场景拓展”的运行逻辑。当前，在数字经济推动农业现代化转型的过程中，还面临着基础支撑薄弱、要素流通受限、创新能力不足、治理体系滞后等现实挑战。为进一步发挥数字经济对农业现代化的驱动作用，需要从加强数字基础设施建设、充分释放数据要素价值、构建现代化产业体系、完善数字经济治理体系等方面着手，促进数字经济与农业生产经营深度融合，为农业现代化持续推进提供有力支撑。

Abstract: Agriculture serves as a vital foundation of the national economy, and advancing agricultural modernization is a key task for achieving high-quality agricultural development. With the rapid development of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and big data, the digital economy is permeating all aspects of agricultural production and management and has become a major driving force behind the digital transformation of agriculture. From a theoretical perspective, the digital economy drives agricultural modernization primarily through data as a factor of production, digital technologies, economic entities, industrial systems, and application scenarios, following an inherent operational logic of “factor foundation - technology-driven - entity empowerment - industrial upgrading - scenario expansion”. Currently, the process of using the digital economy to drive the transformation toward agricultural modernization still faces practical challenges such as weak foundational support, restricted circulation of factors of production, insufficient innovation capacity, and a lagging governance system. To further leverage the digital economy’s role in driving agricultural modernization, efforts must focus on strengthening digital infrastructure, fully unlocking the value of data as a factor of production, building a modern industrial system, and improving the digital economy governance framework. This will promote the deep integration of the digital economy with agricultural production and operations, providing robust support for the sustained advancement of agricultural modernization.