乡村产业振兴背景下劳动力回流迁移机制研究

A Study on the Mechanisms of Labour Return Migration against the Background of Rural Industrial Revitalisation

摘要: 劳动力是乡村产业发展与乡村振兴的重要主体。长期以来，农村劳动力持续向城镇流动，在增加家庭收入的同时，也使部分乡村面临人口流失、劳动力老龄化和发展动能不足等问题。随着乡村振兴战略深入推进，产业发展如何促进劳动力回流成为乡村人力资本重构的重要议题。本文以推力–拉力理论、生命周期理论为基础搭建分析框架，选取广西玉林市博白县亚山镇和平村平辽坡屯竹编产业发展为案例，分析产业振兴背景下农村劳动力回流的机制。研究发现，乡村产业振兴可通过扩大就业、提高收入预期和改善创业条件增强乡村拉力，而城市就业竞争、生活成本和社会融入不足构成回流推力；但产业稳定性不足、公共服务短板和治理能力不足等因素仍会形成回流阻力。因此，应推动产业发展、公共服务、社会融入与乡村治理协同发力，促进劳动力由“回流”向“留乡”转变。

Abstract: The labour force is a key driver of rural industrial development and rural revitalisation. For a long time, there has been a continuous flow of rural labour towards urban areas; whilst this has increased household incomes, it has also left some rural areas facing issues such as population outflow, an ageing workforce and a lack of development momentum. As the rural revitalisation strategy is implemented in greater depth, how industrial development can promote the return of the labour force has become a crucial issue in the restructuring of rural human capital. Based on the push-pull theory and the life cycle theory, this paper constructs an analytical framework and uses the development of the bamboo weaving industry in Pingliaopo Hamlet, Heping Village, Yashan Town, Bobai County, Yulin City, Guangxi, as a case study to analyze the mechanisms of rural labor return against the backdrop of industrial revitalization. The study finds that the revitalisation of rural industries can strengthen rural pull factors by expanding employment, raising income expectations and improving conditions for entrepreneurship, whilst competition for urban employment, the cost of living and insufficient social integration constitute push factors for labour outflow; however, factors such as insufficient industrial stability, shortcomings in public services and inadequate governance capacity continue to create barriers to return migration. Therefore, efforts should be made to promote the coordinated development of industrial growth, public services, social integration and rural governance, thereby facilitating a shift in the labour force from “returning” to “staying in the countryside”.