数智时代的感知危机与人工智能文本生产

Perceptual Crisis and AI Text Production in the Era of Digital Intelligence

摘要: 随着数字媒介与生成式人工智能技术的迅速发展，信息生产与传播的速度不断加快，文学文本的生产方式也发生了深刻变化。信息数量的持续增长是否意味着人的思想、审美经验与精神生活同步丰富，以及人工智能生成文本的不断扩张是否意味着文学创造能力的提升，成为数字时代文学研究需要重新面对的问题。文章以韩炳哲《在群中》关于“信息增加并不等于思想增加”以及数字媒介改变人的感知方式的相关论述为理论切入点，结合本雅明关于现代技术媒介与人的感性认识方式变化的思考，以及朱光潜关于审美感知、审美距离与艺术创造的相关论述，考察数字媒介环境下人的审美感知变化及其与AI文学生成之间的内在关联。首先，分析数字媒介的信息增殖、算法推荐与碎片化传播如何改变人的注意力结构和审美接受方式，使审美活动逐渐趋向即时化、快速化与类型化，并指出信息的丰富并不必然带来审美经验的丰富。其次，以《天命使徒》和《机忆之地》为案例，分析生成式人工智能从信息调用、语言重组到规模化文本生产的基本路径，区分AI生成文本在形式层面的新颖性与经验、思想层面的创新，指出文本数量的增长和文本形式的变化并不必然意味着新的文学经验与思想的产生。最后，从“生产文本”与“创造经验”的区分出发，重新思考人工智能时代文学创造的意义，认为文学的价值并不主要体现为知识和文本数量的增加，而在于通过新的审美经验改变人的感知方式，使读者突破既有的信息与意义结构，并由此实现对自我与世界的重新认识。由此，AI时代文学研究的关键问题不应仅仅是人工智能“能否写出文学”，而应进一步追问其生成的文本能否创造新的经验以及文学何以在无限文本生产的时代保持其不可替代性。

Abstract: With the rapid development of digital media and generative artificial intelligence technology, the speed of information production and dissemination is accelerating, and the production mode of literary texts has also undergone profound changes. Whether the continuous increase in the quantity of information means that people’s thoughts, aesthetic experience, and spiritual life are synchronously enriched, and whether the continuous expansion of text generated by artificial intelligence means that the improvement of literary creativity has become a problem that literary research needs to face again in the digital age. This paper uses Byung-Chul Han’s discussions in “In the Swarm” of the claim “increase of information is not equal to increase of thoughts” and how digital media change people’s perception mode as a theoretical starting point, combined with Benjamin’s thinking on the changes of modern technology media and people’s perceptual knowledge mode, and Zhu Guangqian’s related discussion on aesthetic perception, aesthetic distance and artistic creation, to investigate the changes of people’s aesthetic perception in the digital media environment and its internal relationship with the generation of AI literature. Firstly, this paper analyzes how the information proliferation, algorithmic recommendation, and fragmented communication of digital media change people’s attention structure and aesthetic acceptance mode, so that aesthetic activities gradually tend to be instant, rapid, and type-based, and points out that rich information does not necessarily bring rich aesthetic experience. Secondly, taking Apostle of Destiny and Land of Machine Memory as cases, this paper analyzes the basic path of generative artificial intelligence from information retrieval and language reorganization to large-scale text production, distinguishes the formal novelty of AI-generated texts from the innovation of experience and thought, and points out that the increase of text quantity and the change of text form do not necessarily mean the generation of new literary experience and thought. Finally, starting from the distinction between “producing text” and “creating experience”, this paper reconsiders the significance of literary creation in the era of artificial intelligence, and holds that the value of literature is not mainly reflected in the increase of knowledge and text, but in changing people’s perception mode through new aesthetic experience, so that readers can break through the existing information and meaning structure, and thus realize a new understanding of themselves and the world. Therefore, the key issue of literature research in the AI era should not only be whether artificial intelligence can write literature, but also whether the text generated by it can create new experiences and why literature can maintain its irreplaceability in the era of infinite text production.