不同施肥模式对山东烟区丘陵砂质土物理性质的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Physical Properties of Hilly Sandy Soil in Tobacco-Growing Areas of Shandong Province

摘要: 为揭示不同施肥模式对山东丘陵砂质植烟土壤物理性状的调控效应，明确水肥一体化的土壤保育效果，以莒南、沂源两地烟田为对象，研究常规施肥漫灌(CK)、控释肥漫灌(T1)、水肥一体化滴灌(T2)对烟草全生育期土壤物理指标的影响。结果表明：与CK相比，T2处理采收后土壤容重降至0.98 g/cm³，降低8.41%；总孔隙度达62.84%，提高5.24%；毛管持水量31.31%，提高21.36%；土壤空气含量52.58%，提高1.15%。T2在全生育期稳定土壤含水量、降低容重、提升孔隙结构与保水能力方面效果最优；T1可改善部分指标，但波动明显；CK土壤结构稳定性差。综合改良效应为：水肥一体化 > 控释肥 > 常规施肥。研究可为砂质烟区土壤保育与绿色生产提供数据支撑。

Abstract: To reveal the regulatory effects of different fertilization modes on physical properties of hilly sandy tobacco-growing soil in Shandong and clarify the soil conservation effect of water-fertilizer integration, field experiments were conducted in Junan and Yiyuan tobacco areas. Three treatments were set up: conventional fertilization with flood irrigation (CK), controlled-release fertilizer with flood irrigation (T1), and water-fertilizer integration with drip irrigation (T2). The results showed that compared with CK, after harvest, T2 significantly decreased soil bulk density to 0.98 g/cm³ by 8.41%, increased total porosity to 62.84% by 5.24%, enhanced capillary water-holding capacity to 31.31% by 21.36%, and improved soil air content to 52.58% by 1.15%. T2 displayed the best performance in stabilizing soil water content, reducing bulk density, optimizing pore structure and enhancing water retention during the whole growth period. T1 could improve partial indicators with obvious fluctuations, while CK showed the poorest soil structure stability. The comprehensive improvement effect ranked as: water-fertilizer integration > controlled-release fertilizer > conventional fertilization. This study can provide data support for soil conservation and green production in sandy tobacco areas.