操作规范视角下《伤寒论》病因病机术语英译人机对比研究

A Comparative Study of Human and AI Translation of Etiology and Pathogenesis Terminology in Shang Han Lun from the Perspective of Operational Norms

摘要: 本研究以图里翻译规范理论中的操作规范为分析框架，选取《伤寒论》罗希文英译本与ChatGPT译文为研究对象，从矩阵规范和篇章–语言规范两个层面，对病因病机术语的英译进行人机对比分析。研究发现，矩阵规范层面，罗希文译本表现出较强的显化与增补倾向，常借助注释补充理论背景，ChatGPT则更多依赖术语直译，较少附加说明；篇章–语言规范层面，两种译文均保留了中医术语体系的基本框架，但罗希文倾向于学术化、病机化表达，ChatGPT则采用简洁化、自然化表达。上述差异源于不同翻译主体的规范制约机制：人工译者受学术规范与专业知识体系的深度影响，大语言模型则依托语料训练形成的概率性语言生成模式。研究结果有助于深化对人工智能时代中医典籍英译规范演变规律的认识，并为人工智能辅助中医药国际传播提供参考。

Abstract: Drawing on Toury’s theory of operational norms, this study takes Luo Xiwen’s English translation of Shang Han Lun and ChatGPT-generated translations as research materials and conducts a comparative analysis of the English translation of etiology and pathogenesis terminology from the perspectives of matrix norms and textual-linguistic norms. The findings reveal that, at the level of matrix norms, Luo’s translation demonstrates a stronger tendency toward explicitation and supplementation, frequently employing annotations to provide theoretical background information, whereas ChatGPT relies more heavily on direct translation of terms with relatively limited additional explanation. At the level of textual-linguistic norms, both translations preserve the basic framework of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) terminological system; however, Luo’s translation tends to adopt more academic and pathogenesis-oriented expressions, while ChatGPT favors concise and naturalized language. These differences can be attributed to the distinct normative mechanisms governing different translation agents. Human translators are profoundly influenced by academic conventions and specialized knowledge systems, whereas large language models generate translations through probabilistic language patterns derived from large-scale corpus training. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolution of translation norms of traditional Chinese medical classics in the AI era and provide insights into the application of artificial intelligence in the international dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine.