语言景观视角下中亚城市公共标识的多语现象分析——以塔什干国际机场为例

A Study on Multilingual Phenomena of Public Signs in Central Asian Cities from the Perspective of Linguistic Landscape—A Case Study of Tashkent International Airport

摘要: 本研究以乌兹别克斯坦首都塔什干的城市公共标识牌为研究对象，基于语言景观理论框架，通过对塔什干市内及国际机场等关键交通枢纽标识的实证分析，探究语言种类、层级排序、出现频率及语言规范程度等特征。研究发现，塔什干语言景观呈现多层级符号权力结构：乌兹别克语作为国语具有法律与象征层面的最高权威；俄语凭借历史积淀在公共交际与商业领域仍具有重要作用；英语作为全球化语言是国际旅游与商业的通用媒介；中文则作为新兴且具有明确指向性的语言符号，展现出显著的战略性与功能性特征。针对塔什干机场等场所中文标识的兴起现象，研究表明其直接驱动因素为中乌两国在基础设施、航空及旅游领域的深度互联互通。中文标识的植入是乌兹别克斯坦为对接中国资本、游客及项目人员实施的主动性语言服务与城市管理策略，是区域合作深化过程中社会经济活动增强的语言符号映射。公共空间的语言选择是重要的社会实践，塔什干语言景观的变迁反映了全球区域及国家力量在本地空间的博弈与交融。中文标识的兴起是区域合作影响中亚语言生态与社会空间的微观体现，为理解宏观政策对地方实践的作用提供了实证案例。

Abstract: This study takes urban public signs in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, as the research object. Based on the theoretical framework of linguistic landscape, through an empirical analysis of signs in key transportation hubs such as downtown Tashkent and its international airport, the study explores characteristics including language types, hierarchical order, frequency of occurrence, and degree of language standardization. The findings reveal that Tashkent’s linguistic landscape presents a multi-level symbolic power structure: Uzbek, as the national language, holds the highest authority in legal and symbolic terms; Russian, relying on its historical legacy, still plays a crucial role in public communication and commercial sectors; English, as a global language, serves as a common medium for international tourism and business; and Chinese, as an emerging linguistic symbol with clear orientation, demonstrates distinct strategic and functional characteristics. Regarding the rise of Chinese signs in locations like Tashkent Airport, the study indicates that the direct driving factor is the in-depth connectivity between China and Uzbekistan in infrastructure, aviation, and tourism sectors under bilateral cooperation. The introduction of Chinese signs is a proactive language service and urban management strategy adopted by Uzbekistan to connect with Chinese capital, tourists, and project personnel, and it also represents a linguistic symbolic reflection of the enhanced socio-economic activities during the deepening of regional cooperation. Language choice in public spaces constitutes a significant social practice. The changes in Tashkent’s linguistic landscape reflect the competition and integration of global, regional, and national forces in local spaces. The rise of Chinese signs is a microcosmic manifestation of how regional cooperation influences the linguistic ecology and social space in Central Asia, providing an empirical case for understanding the impact of macro-policies on local practices.