城市土壤重金属研究进展——基于CiteSpace可视化分析

Research Progress of Urban Soil Heavy Metals—Based on CiteSpace Visualization Analysis

摘要: 城市化发展过程中，重金属在土壤中过量富集会严重威胁城市的生态安全和人类的生命健康，开展城市土壤重金属的现状及演化趋势研究可为城市土壤利用与保护提供关键数据支撑与决策依据。基于中国知网(CNKI)数据库中2000~2025年收录的1391篇文献，运用CiteSpace软件对城市土壤重金属研究领域进行文献计量与可视化分析。研究结果发现：(1) 该领域发文量呈现萌芽–增长–波动–回落四阶段演变；(2) 重金属、城市土壤、污染评价、生态风险、空间分布、源解析、健康风险为长期核心关键词，研究重心由污染分布调查转向溯源、风险评估与人居土壤安全管控；(3) 作者与机构合作网络呈局部集中、整体分散特征，核心作者与机构空间分布不均，跨区域协作较弱；(4) 我国城市土壤重金属研究在污染调查、风险评价、方法创新等方面取得显著进展，但是在健康风险精细化评估、绿色修复技术、跨区域协作研究等方面有提升空间。通过分析城市土壤重金属领域可视化的进展和发展趋势，为城市生态安全与土壤环境可持续发展提供坚实理论与技术支撑。

Abstract: During the urbanization process, excessive accumulation of heavy metals in soil poses a serious threat to urban ecological security and human health. Research into the current status and evolving trends of heavy metals in urban soil can provide critical data support and a basis for decision-making regarding the use and protection of urban soil. Based on 1391 papers collected in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from 2000 to 2025, CiteSpace software was adopted to conduct bibliometric and visualized analysis on research concerning urban soil heavy metals. The results shown that: (1) The annual publication output of this field evolved through four stages: germination, rapid growth, fluctuation and decline. (2) Long-term core keywords include heavy metals, urban soil, pollution assessment, ecological risk, spatial distribution, source apportionment and health risk. The research focus has shifted from pollution distribution surveys to source identification, risk assessment and human settlement soil safety management. (3) The collaboration network of authors and research institutions presents a pattern of localized concentration with overall fragmentation. Core authors and institutions are unevenly distributed geographically, and cross-regional cooperation remains insufficient. (4) Domestic research on urban soil heavy metals has achieved remarkable advances in pollution surveys, risk evaluation and methodological innovation, whereas gaps still exist in refined health risk assessment, green remediation technologies and cross-regional collaborative research. This paper systematically analyzes the research progress and evolutionary trends of urban soil heavy metals via visual bibliometrics, offering solid theoretical and technical support for urban ecological security and the sustainable development of soil environments.