电子商务领域临时专利申请技术主题识别研究——基于BERTopic的分析

Research on Technical Topic Identification of Provisional Patent Applications in the E-Commerce Field—An Analysis Based on BERTopic

摘要: 随着电子商务持续向数字支付、智能推荐、平台治理和沉浸式交互等技术密集场景延伸，相关创新活动呈现出迭代快、变化快和早期技术形态不稳定等特征，研发早期技术信息的识别与分析因此具有现实意义。文章以电子商务领域临时专利申请专利为研究对象，基于Incopat全球专利数据库，采用IPC分类号检索与优先权信息识别相结合的方式提取样本，并运用BERTopic模型对专利标题与摘要进行主题识别与结构分析。结果显示，相关专利主要集中于交易支付、平台支撑、内容分发、智能推荐、场景交互和安全认证六类主题。研究表明，临时专利申请专利能够较好反映电子商务领域研发早期的技术信息，BERTopic方法能够有效呈现其主题分布与技术特征，可为专利情报分析和企业早期专利布局提供参考。

Abstract: As e-commerce continues to expand into technology-intensive scenarios such as digital payment, intelligent recommendation, platform governance, and immersive interaction, innovation in this field is characterized by rapid iteration, fast change, and unstable technological forms in the early stages. Identification and analysis of technological information from the early stages of research and development therefore carry practical significance. This study takes provisional patent applications in the field of e-commerce as the research object. Based on the Incopat global patent database, samples are collected through IPC-based retrieval and priority information identification, and BERTopic is used to identify technological themes and analyze their structure from patent titles and abstracts. The results show that these patents are mainly concentrated in six themes: payment and transaction, platform support, content distribution, intelligent recommendation, scenario interaction, and security authentication. The study indicates that provisional patent applications can reflect fairly well early-stage technological information from research and development in e-commerce and that BERTopic can effectively reveal thematic distribution and technological characteristics, providing support for patent intelligence analysis and early corporate patent layout.