中医药治疗儿童过敏性鼻炎的研究进展

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in Children

摘要: 过敏性鼻炎(AR)是临床常见的慢性变态反应性疾病，儿童时期常见本病，患儿以鼻痒、阵发性喷嚏、流涕、鼻塞为核心临床表现。当前西医针对本病的治疗方式较局限，多用抗组胺药、鼻用糖皮质激素等对症治疗，其存在停药易复发、患儿依从性不佳等局限。中医认为本病的核心病机在于小儿正气不足，感受外邪侵袭而成，病机总以肺、脾、肾三脏虚损为本，邪滞鼻窍为标。近年来中医药治疗儿童AR积累了丰富临床经验，多项临床研究表明中医药治疗本病优势确切，不仅可显著减轻患儿症状，还可整体调节以降低疾病复发风险。据此本文就近年来中医药治疗儿童AR的临床相关研究进行综述，为临床诊疗提供参考。

Abstract: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic allergic disease in clinical practice and frequently occurs in children. The core clinical manifestations of affected children include nasal pruritus, paroxysmal sneezing, rhinorrhea and nasal congestion. At present, western medicine has relatively limited therapeutic options for this disease, and symptomatic treatments such as antihistamines and intranasal glucocorticoids are commonly applied, which are associated with drawbacks including high recurrence rate after drug withdrawal and poor treatment compliance among children. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the core pathogenesis of this disease lies in insufficient healthy qi in children coupled with invasion of external pathogenic factors. Its root cause is deficiency of the lung, spleen and kidney, while pathogenic factors lingering in the nasal orifices serve as the secondary manifestation. In recent years, abundant clinical experience has been accumulated in treating pediatric AR with TCM. Multiple clinical studies have demonstrated definite advantages of TCM for this condition, which can not only remarkably relieve clinical symptoms, but also modulate the general physical condition to reduce the risk of disease recurrence. Accordingly, this paper reviews relevant clinical studies on TCM treatment for pediatric AR published in recent years, so as to provide references for clinical diagnosis and management.