数字赋能农村电商高质量发展的内在逻辑

The Inherent Logic of Digital Empowerment for High-Quality Development of Rural E-Commerce

摘要: 本文基于技术–经济范式理论，聚焦于欠发达地区的农村电商，构建逻辑起点、作用机制、困境障碍、推进路径四个环节的系统分析框架。结果发现数字赋能的核心任务是解决非标品与标准市场、分散生产与规模流通、人才断层与技术演进三对基本矛盾。进一步的，作用机制表现在三个层面：技术层面，数据要素重塑了生产、流通、销售各环节的决策模式；组织层面，数字化平台重构了农户、合作社与市场之间的协作关系；生态层面，基础设施与政策体系提供了系统性支撑。然而，技术嵌入的不均衡、组织变革的滞后与制度供给的缺位，导致数字鸿沟、同质化过度竞争与平台依附成为突出困境。所以必须走技术、产业、制度协同推进的路径，推动数字技术与农业产业链深度融合，培育以本土人才和新型组织为核心的内生能力，并构建激励相容的治理机制与政策环境。

Abstract: Based on the technology-economy paradigm theory, this paper focuses on rural e-commerce in underdeveloped areas and constructs a systematic analytical framework consisting of four components: logical starting point, mechanisms of action, dilemmas and obstacles, and promotion pathways. The findings reveal that the core task of digital empowerment is to resolve three fundamental contradictions: non-standard products versus standardized markets, decentralized production versus scaled circulation, and talent discontinuity versus technological evolution. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action manifest at three levels: at the technological level, data elements reshape the decision-making models in production, circulation, and sales; at the organizational level, digital platforms reconstruct the collaborative relationships among farmers, cooperatives, and the market; at the ecological level, infrastructure and policy systems provide systematic support. However, uneven technology embedding, lagging organizational transformation, and the absence of institutional supply have led to prominent dilemmas, including the digital divide, homogenized excessive competition, and platform dependency. Therefore, it is necessary to pursue a path of coordinated advancement in technology, industry, and institutions, promote the deep integration of digital technology with the agricultural industry chain, cultivate endogenous capabilities centered on local talents and new organizational forms, and establish incentive-compatible governance mechanisms and policy environments.