低龄老年志愿者能力提升的现实困境与优化策略

Practical Challenges and Optimization Strategies for Improving the Abilities of Younger Senior Volunteers

摘要: 本文在积极老龄化视角下，运用增能理论，通过半结构式访谈法对20名低龄老年志愿者进行访谈，系统分析其能力提升的现实困境与优化策略。研究发现，低龄老年志愿者普遍存在志愿精神认知模糊、自我认知偏差、沟通能力不足、团队协作能力较差及资源协调能力薄弱等问题。并从个人、社区、环境三个层面分析这些困境。针对这些困境，本文提出个人层面心理赋能与认知重塑、人际层面互助网络与团队规范建设、社区层面资源供给与管理支持优化、环境层面文化氛围营造与制度保障完善等策略，形成“个人–人际–社区–环境”联动的能力提升路径。

Abstract: From the perspective of active aging and drawing on empowerment theory, this paper conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 younger elderly volunteers to systematically analyze the practical challenges they face in enhancing their capabilities and to propose strategies for improvement. The study found that younger elderly volunteers generally exhibit issues such as a vague understanding of the spirit of volunteerism, self-perception biases, insufficient communication skills, poor teamwork abilities, and weak resource coordination capabilities. These challenges were analyzed at three levels: individual, community, and environmental. To address these challenges, this paper proposes strategies including psychological empowerment and cognitive restructuring at the individual level; the development of mutual aid networks and team norms at the interpersonal level; the optimization of resource provision and management support at the community level; and the fostering of a supportive cultural atmosphere and the improvement of institutional safeguards at the environmental level. These strategies form an integrated capacity-building pathway linking the “individual - interpersonal - community - environmental” levels.