《德意志意识形态》中马克思生产力思想及其当代价值

Marx’s Thought on Productive Forces in The German Ideology and Its Contemporary Value

摘要: 《德意志意识形态》从“现实的个人”及其物质生产活动出发，将生产力置于社会分工、交往形式及具体社会关系中加以考察。生产力既构成社会历史发展的重要物质条件，又始终受到特定社会关系和历史条件的制约，因而不能将其基础性作用简单理解为技术决定论。数字技术和人工智能的发展在拓展生产能力的同时，也带来就业结构调整、劳动技能分化和收益分配等新问题，这些变化超出了经典文本直接讨论的历史范围。本文通过梳理《德意志意识形态》中生产力思想的理论内涵及其与社会历史演进的关系，进一步结合数字化、智能化生产与新质生产力的发展，分析其在当代技术变革中的解释空间与适用边界，并指出生产力发展需要结合具体生产实践及其社会关系进行考察。

Abstract: Starting from “real individuals” and their material production activities, The German Ideology examines productive forces within the framework of social division of labour, forms of intercourse and specific social relations. Productive forces constitute crucial material conditions for the development of social history, yet they are constantly restricted by particular social relations and historical conditions. Accordingly, their foundational role cannot be simply reduced to technological determinism. While the advancement of digital technology and artificial intelligence expands productive capacity, it also generates new issues such as adjustments to employment structures, differentiation of labour skills and income distribution. These transformations exceed the historical scope directly discussed in classical texts. By sorting out the theoretical connotations of the thought of productive forces in The German Ideology and its correlation with the evolution of social history, this paper further combines the development of digital‑intelligent production and new‑quality productive forces, analyses its explanatory scope and applicable boundaries under contemporary technological changes, and points out that the development of productive forces must be investigated in connection with concrete production practices and their social relations.