2024~2025年高考地理“地球运动”类试题特征分析及教学建议

Characteristics of “Earth’s Motion” Geography Questions in the National Unified Entrance Examination for Colleges and Universities (2024~2025) and Teaching Suggestions

摘要: “地球运动”涉及时间、方位和空间位置关系，是高中地理教学中综合性较强的内容，其相关试题也是高考考查学生地理规律理解与运用能力的重要载体。本文以2024~2025年高考地理试题中的“地球运动”相关题组为研究对象，从试题情境、考查内容、地理核心素养和关键能力等方面梳理其考查情况，并结合代表性试题分析其命题特征。结果表明，2024~2025年“地球运动”类试题以地方时、昼夜长短、太阳方位、正午太阳高度和太阳直射点移动等基础内容为核心，表现出重视知识关联、依托多样材料、突出规律推演、融入文化材料与现实问题等特点。基于此，本文提出相应的教学建议，以期为高中地理“地球运动”相关内容的教学提供参考。

Abstract: “Earth’s Motion” involves relationships among time, direction, and spatial location, and is an integrative topic in senior high school geography. Related questions also serve as an important vehicle for assessing students’ ability to understand and apply geographical principles. This study takes geography question sets related to “Earth’s Motion” in the 2024~2025 National Unified Entrance Examination for Colleges and Universities (NUEECU) as the research object, and examines their assessment patterns from the perspectives of question contexts, tested content, geography core competencies, and key abilities. Based on the analysis of representative questions, this study further summarizes the features of question design. The review shows that “Earth’s Motion” questions in 2024~2025 are centered on basic content such as local time, day length, solar azimuth, noon solar altitude, and the movement of the subsolar point. Meanwhile, they also show such features as emphasizing connections among knowledge points, using varied materials, highlighting rule-based reasoning, and integrating cultural materials with real-world issues. On this basis, this study puts forward corresponding teaching suggestions, aiming to provide a reference for the teaching of “Earth’s Motion” in senior high school geography.