失权与赋权：历史文化名镇居民旅游增权路径研究——基于重庆涞滩古镇的实证分析

Disempowerment and Empowerment: A Study on the Paths of Tourism Empowerment for Residents in Historic and Cultural Towns—Empirical Analysis Based on the Ancient Town of Laitan, Chongqing

摘要: 居民旅游增权是实现古镇旅游可持续发展的关键。本研究以全国首批历史文化名镇——重庆合川区涞滩古镇为例，在经典四维增权框架基础上，创新性地引入“文化增权”维度，构建了包含5个二级指标、23个三级指标的评价体系。通过层次分析法确定指标权重，并基于213份有效问卷的实证调查，系统诊断了涞滩古镇居民的旅游权利现状。研究发现居民在经济、政治、心理、文化维度分别处于缺权、去权、失权、弃权状态；政治增权权重最高(47.73%)，增权优先指数前5名中政治指标占3席，凸显了政治参与权利缺失的核心地位。据此提出四维增权路径，明确政治增权作为其他维度制度性前提的枢纽地位，各维度增权应协同展开。同时讨论了增权的治理边界。本研究为历史文化名镇的居民赋权提供了理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract: Residents’ tourism empowerment is crucial for achieving sustainable tourism development in ancient towns. This study takes Laitan Ancient Town in Hechuan District, Chongqing, one of the first batch of nationally recognized historical and cultural towns, as an example. Based on the classic four-dimensional empowerment framework, it innovatively introduces the dimension of “cultural empowerment” and constructs an evaluation system comprising 5 secondary indicators and 23 tertiary indicators. The indicator weights are determined through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and based on empirical surveys involving 213 valid questionnaires, the current status of residents’ tourism rights in Laitan Ancient Town is systematically diagnosed. The study finds that residents are in states of power deficiency, disenfranchisement, loss of power, and abstention in the economic, political, psychological, and cultural dimensions, respectively. Political empowerment holds the highest weight (47.73%), and political indicators account for 3 of the top 5 empowerment priority indices, highlighting the core status of the lack of political participation rights. Based on this, a four-dimensional empowerment path is proposed, emphasizing the pivotal role of political empowerment as the institutional prerequisite for other dimensions, with all dimensions of empowerment unfolding in a coordinated manner. Additionally, the governance boundaries of empowerment are discussed. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for empowering residents in historical and cultural towns.