重庆江北机场一次辐射平流雾天气过程分析

Analysis of a Radiation Advection Fog Event at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport

摘要: 为探究机场辐射雾伴雾平流天气的形成机制，本文以2024年12月15日重庆江北机场辐射大雾天气过程为研究对象，综合利用高空环流场、地面形势场、物理量诊断资料，并重点结合微波辐射计等临近探测资料，系统分析此次天气过程的成因、演变特征及关键影响因素。结果表明，本次大雾为典型的辐射雾叠加雾平流的复合型天气过程：高空“上干下湿、上稳下冷”的环流配置为辐射雾形成奠定基础，地面冷高压外围的微风环境与气压梯度变化促进了近地面辐射冷却；而微波辐射计观测揭示的1~2 km高度逆温层抑制了水汽垂直扩散，配合晨间风向由偏南转偏北引发的雾平流，成为大雾反复维持、能见度骤降的关键动力因素。研究结果可为同类机场低能见度天气的预报与服务提供参考。

Abstract: To explore the formation mechanism of radiation fog with advection fog at airports, this study analyzes the heavy radiation fog event at Chongqing Jiangbei Airport on December 15, 2024, using upper-air circulation, surface weather conditions, physical quantity diagnosis, and microwave radiometer observations. Results show this was a typical composite fog event of radiation fog plus advection fog: the upper-atmosphere “dry upper/wet lower, stable upper/cold lower” configuration laid the foundation for radiation fog formation; surface calm winds and pressure gradient changes enhanced near-surface radiative cooling; additionally, the 1~2 km inversion layer (warm cover structure) identified by microwave radiometer inhibited vertical water vapor diffusion, and combined with morning wind direction shift (southerly to northerly) triggering fog advection, which became the key factor for persistent heavy fog and sharp visibility drop. This study provides a reference for low-visibility weather forecasting at similar airports.