基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗2型糖尿病用药规律研究

Study on the Medication Patterns of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Data Mining

摘要: 目的：总结并分析中医药治疗2型糖尿病的用药规律，为临床治疗提供理论依据及配伍规律参考。方法：检索CNKI和万方数据库中2016年1月至2025年12月有关中医药治疗2型糖尿病的相关文献，同时结合临床实习期间在导师指导下收集的方剂。筛选符合纳入标准的方剂，并采用Excel对20首方剂建立二元数据库。采用SPSS 20.0进行KMO检验和Bartlett球形度检验，以评价数据进行因子分析的适用性，并进行系统聚类分析和Pearson相关分析；采用IBM SPSS Modeler进行关联规则挖掘，并利用Cytoscape对药物间关联网络进行可视化展示。结果：本研究共纳入20首治疗2型糖尿病的方剂，涉及16味中药，药物使用总频次为74次。黄芪使用频次最高，为8次(40.0%)；其次为生地7次(35.0%)，山药和茯苓均为6次(30.0%)。按功效分类，补气药使用频次最高，为22次；其次为活血化瘀药12次和利水渗湿药10次。药性方面，温性药出现30次，寒性药26次；平性药单独统计为18次，未见热性药和凉性药。五味方面，以甘味(59次)和苦味(21次)出现频次最高。归经主要集中于肺经(37次)、肾经(36次)、心经(31次)、肝经(29次)和脾经(28次)。关联规则分析共筛选出25条符合设定阈值的关联规则，其中支持度较高的规则包括麦冬→生地、山药→黄芪和茯苓→黄芪。KMO检验结果为0.430 (<0.5)，表明该数据集尚不适宜进行因子分析；因此，采用系统聚类分析进一步考察药物配伍结构特征。结论：结果表明，中医药治疗T2DM的用药规律主要集中于益气健脾、养阴生津、利水渗湿和活血化瘀，体现了补虚与祛邪相结合的配伍特点。上述初步结果可为配伍规律研究及临床应用提供参考依据。

Abstract: Objective: To summarize and analyze the medication-use patterns of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), thereby providing a theoretical basis and reference for prescription compatibility in clinical practice. Methods: The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data databases were searched for relevant literature on the treatment of T2DM with TCM published between January 2016 and December 2025. Prescriptions collected under the supervisor’s guidance during clinical training were also included. Prescriptions meeting the inclusion criteria were screened, and a binary database of 20 prescriptions was established using Microsoft Excel. SPSS 20.0 was used to perform the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and Bartlett’s test of sphericity to evaluate the suitability of the data for factor analysis, as well as hierarchical cluster analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. IBM SPSS Modeler was used for association rule mining, and Cytoscape was employed to visualize the inter-herb association network. Results: A total of 20 prescriptions for the treatment of T2DM were included, involving 16 Chinese medicinal herbs, with a total usage frequency of 74. Astragali Radix (Huangqi) had the highest frequency of use, occurring 8 times (40.0%), followed by Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi), which occurred 7 times (35.0%); Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shanyao) and Poria (Fuling) each occurred 6 times (30.0%). In terms of functional classification, qi-tonifying medicinals were used most frequently, with 22 occurrences, followed by blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinals with 12 occurrences and water-draining and dampness-percolating medicinals with 10 occurrences. Regarding medicinal nature, warm-natured medicinals occurred 30 times and cold-natured medicinals 26 times; neutral-natured medicinals were counted separately and occurred 18 times, whereas no hot- or cool-natured medicinals were identified. With respect to the five flavors, sweet-flavored medicinals (59 occurrences) and bitter-flavored medicinals (21 occurrences) were the most frequent. Meridian tropism was primarily concentrated in the Lung (37 occurrences), Kidney (36 occurrences), Heart (31 occurrences), Liver (29 occurrences), and Spleen (28 occurrences) meridians. Association rule analysis identified 25 rules that met the predefined thresholds. Rules with relatively high support included Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong) → Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shanyao) → Astragali Radix (Huangqi), and Poria (Fuling) → Astragali Radix (Huangqi). The KMO test value was 0.430 (<0.5), indicating that the dataset was not suitable for factor analysis. Therefore, hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to further investigate the structural characteristics of herbal compatibility. Conclusion: The medication-use patterns of TCM in the treatment of T2DM were primarily characterized by tonifying qi and strengthening the Spleen, nourishing yin and promoting fluid production, promoting urination and draining dampness, and activating blood and resolving stasis. These patterns reflect a prescription compatibility approach that combines tonifying deficiency with eliminating pathogenic factors. These preliminary findings may provide a reference for research on herbal compatibility patterns and clinical applications.