不同栽培模式对引种半夏块茎品质的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on the Tuber Quality of Introduced Pinellia ternata

摘要: 为探讨樟树地区不同栽培模式对引种半夏块茎品质的影响，本研究设置空白对照组(露地)、林下组、野生组和江香薷套种组4种处理，通过显微鉴别及含水分、总灰分、浸出物、总生物碱含量等指标对半夏块茎进行质量评价。同时测定株高、叶面积、块茎直径等农艺性状，并核算各模式的经济效益。结果表明：4组半夏粉末显微特征无明显差异；各组含水分差异不大；总灰分含量以野生组最高，林下组最低；浸出物含量以江香薷套种组最高，野生组最低，4组均高于《中国药典》标准；总生物碱含量以江香薷套种组最高、灰分含量较低。套种组的株高、叶面积和块茎直径均显著优于其他处理；经济效益分析显示套种组净收益最高。综合品质、产量与经济效益，江香薷套种组为最优栽培模式，适度遮阴结合规范田间管理可有效提升引种半夏的药材品质。

Abstract: To investigate the effects of different cultivation modes on the tuber quality of introduced Pinellia ternata in Zhangshu area, four treatments were set up in this study: blank control group (open field), under-forest group, wild group and Elsholtzia blanda intercropping group. The quality of P. ternata tubers was evaluated by microscopic identification and indicators such as moisture content, total ash, extractives, and total alkaloid content. Meanwhile, agronomic traits such as plant height, leaf area, and tuber diameter were measured, and the economic benefits of each mode were calculated. The results showed that: there were no significant differences in the microscopic characteristics of P. ternata powder among the four groups; the moisture content of each group was similar; the total ash content was the highest in the wild group and the lowest in the under-forest group; the extractives content was the highest in the E. blanda intercropping group and the lowest in the wild group, and all four groups were higher than the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia; the total alkaloid content was the highest in the E. blanda intercropping group, with lower ash content. The plant height, leaf area, and tuber diameter of the intercropping group were significantly better than those of other treatments; the economic benefit analysis showed that the intercropping group had the highest net income. Considering comprehensive quality, yield and economic benefits, the E. blanda intercropping group was the optimal cultivation mode, and moderate shading combined with standardized field management could effectively improve the medicinal quality of introduced P. ternata.