南疆夏播谷子品种主要农艺性状及综合评价

Main Agronomic Traits and Comprehensive Evaluation of Summer-Sown Foxtail Millet Varieties in Southern Xinjiang

摘要: 为筛选适宜南疆地区夏播的谷子品种，探究不同谷子种质主要农艺性状与产量之间的关系，为南疆夏播谷子品种选配、育种改良及配套栽培技术调控提供理论依据。以25份谷子品种(品系)为试验材料，开展田间试验鉴定，测定生育期、主要农艺性状及产量，结合相关性、主成分与聚类分析开展综合评价。结果表明：13个性状的变异系数范围为5.26%~23.10%，穗粒重、单穗重变异系数最大；单穗重与穗粒重呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01)，产量与出苗–抽穗天数呈极显著负相关(P < 0.01)；提取4个主成分，累计贡献率70.855%；聚类将种质划分为早熟紧凑型、轻穗型、晚熟特殊类型3个类群。综合生育期、产量表现与农艺性状主成分得分，品系10、璐通金香玉为南疆地区夏播优先推广品种(系)，产量分别为6130.45 kg/hm²、5226 kg/hm²。

Abstract: To screen foxtail millet varieties suitable for summer sowing in southern Xinjiang, explore the relationships between major agronomic traits and grain yield of different foxtail millet germplasms, and provide a theoretical basis for variety selection, breeding improvement and regulation of matched cultivation techniques for summer-sown foxtail millet in southern Xinjiang. A field experiment was conducted using 25 foxtail millet varieties (lines) as test materials. The growth period, main agronomic traits and grain yield were measured, and comprehensive evaluation was performed by correlation, principal component and cluster analyses. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of 13 traits ranged from 5.26% to 23.10%, with the highest values for grain weight per panicle and panicle weight. Panicle weight was extremely significantly positively correlated with grain weight per panicle (P < 0.01), while grain yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the days from seedling emergence to heading (P < 0.01). Four principal components were extracted, accounting for a cumulative contribution rate of 70.855%. The germplasms were classified into three groups via cluster analysis: early-maturing compact type, light-panicle type, and special late-maturing type. Based on the comprehensive consideration of growth period, yield performance and principal component scores of agronomic traits, Line 10 and Lutong Jinxiangyu were recommended as the preferred varieties (lines) for summer sowing in southern Xinjiang, with grain yields of 6130.45 kg/hm² and 5226 kg/hm², respectively.