变频空调功率器件散热问题及氧化铝陶瓷解决方案

Heat Dissipation Issues of Power Devices in Inverter Air Conditioners and Alumina Ceramic Solutions

摘要: 变频空调室外机驱动控制器正朝着高频化、集成小型化及大功率化方向发展。同时，极端高温天气的频发进一步加剧了高功率、高发热器件的散热压力。散热问题已成为影响变频空调控制器可靠性及寿命的关键研究课题。特别是在大功率高频功率因数校正(PFC)电路中，传统的聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜虽具有良好的绝缘导热能力，但已无法满足铁封绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)的散热需求。本文对比分析了多种绝缘导热材料的特性，并通过实验验证：采用氧化铝陶瓷片可有效解决变频空调控制器中铁封IGBT的发热问题，显著提升功率器件的可靠性，延长产品使用寿命。

Abstract: The drive controller of outdoor units for inverter air conditioners is evolving towards high-frequency, integrated miniaturization, and high-power solutions. Meanwhile, the frequent occurrence of extreme high-temperature weather further exacerbates the heat dissipation challenges for high-power, high-heat-generating components. Thermal management has become a critical research topic affecting the reliability and lifespan of inverter air conditioner controllers. Particularly in high-power, high-frequency power factor correction (PFC) circuits, traditional polyimide (PI) films—although possessing good electrical insulation and thermal conductivity—can no longer meet the heat dissipation requirements of iron-case insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). This paper compares the characteristics of various insulating and thermally conductive materials, and experimentally verifies that using aluminum oxide ceramic sheets can effectively resolve the overheating issue of iron-case IGBTs in inverter air conditioner controllers, significantly enhancing the reliability of power devices and extending product service life.