老龄化背景下旅居康养的理论逻辑、实践困境与政策优化

Theoretical Logic, Practical Dilemmasand Policy Optimization of Wellness Sojourn under the Background of Population Aging

摘要: 旅居康养作为积极应对人口老龄化国家战略与银发经济交汇的新兴实践形态，正在成为应对人口老龄化的重要选项。然而，旅居康养何以产生、何以可行、何以可持续，仍缺乏系统的理论阐释。本文基于积极老龄化理论与制度逻辑理论，构建“价值生成–结构支撑–政策保障”三层分析框架，剖析旅居康养的理论逻辑；从供需错配、空间失配、政策缺位、认同困境四个维度揭示旅居康养面临的实践困境；从供给优化、空间优化、治理优化、文化优化四个层面提出政策优化路径。研究认为，旅居康养并非简单的“旅游 + 养老”空间叠加，而是以健康促进为价值内核、以社会参与为结构纽带、以政策保障为支撑体系的新型老龄化应对模式，其可持续发展有赖于从碎片化政策走向系统性政策优化。

Abstract: Wellness sojourn, as an emerging practice at the intersection of the active aging strategy and the silver economy, is becoming an important option for addressing population aging. However, there is still a lack of systematic theoretical explanation regarding why wellness sojourn emerges, how it becomes feasible, and how it can be sustained. Based on active aging theory and institutional logic theory, this paper constructs a three-layer analytical framework of “value generation-structural support-policy guarantee” to examine the theoretical logic of wellness sojourn. It reveals practical dilemmas from four dimensions: supply-demand mismatch, spatial misfit, policy absence, and identity predicament. It proposes policy optimization paths from four levels: supply optimization, spatial optimization, governance optimization, and cultural optimization. The study argues that wellness sojourn is not a simple spatial superposition of “tourism + elderly care”, but a new aging response model with health promotion as its value core, social participation as its structural bond, and policy guarantee as its support system. Its sustainable development relies on a shift from fragmented policies to systematic policy optimization.