图式理论对口译译员翻译过程的作用研究——基于新疆水产行业交替传译实践

A Study on the Role of Schema Theory in the Interpreting Process of Interpreters—Based on Consecutive Interpreting Practice in Xinjiang’s Aquatic Products Industry

摘要: 口译是一种跨语言、跨文化的即时交际活动。译员需要在短时间内完成信息的接收、解码、加工与产出，认知负荷压力突出。翻译质量不仅依托双语能力，更受制于大脑内部的知识认知框架。图式理论作为认知心理学的重要理论，阐释了个体依靠已有结构化知识完成新信息处理的认知规律。现有口译领域研究大多侧重验证图式带来的翻译增益，对图式冲突、图式失效以及内隐刻板印象干扰口译认知过程的微观探讨相对不足。文章以新疆阳光玺越水产有限公司卤虫繁育技术交替传译真实实践为基础，在图式理论框架下拆解交替传译“预期激活–信息比对–同化/顺应–记忆建构–语言输出”完整微观认知链条，结合现场翻译案例分析术语图式、行业惯例图式、工艺流程图式、产业关联图式在译前、译中阶段的运作机制。研究特别揭示：图式并非一成不变的静态知识库，而必须随产业技术革新、地域认知深化而持续迭代；译前准备图式与产业现实存在偏差、本土特有水产物种术语缺失等问题，恰恰反映了图式更新滞后的认知风险。在此基础上，进一步聚焦口译现场，辨析动态科学图式与内隐刻板印象的认知边界，推演刻板印象造成图式失效的作用路径，剖析译员潜在“预设外籍专家技术占优”、“新疆水产技术落后”等内隐偏见对信息筛选与译文产出的干扰，最终提出一套以“图式动态迭代”为核心认知理念的行业口译译员科学图式建构与元认知监控实践路径，可为水产及同类技术类交替传译译员提供认知层面的实践参考。

Abstract: Interpretation is an immediate cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communicative activity. Interpreters are required to receive, decode, process, and produce information within a short timeframe, which imposes substantial cognitive load. Interpretation quality relies not merely on bilingual competence, but is even more constrained by internal cognitive knowledge frameworks in the human brain. As a pivotal theory in cognitive psychology, Schema Theory elucidates the cognitive mechanism whereby individuals process new information by drawing on pre-existing structured knowledge. Most existing studies in interpretation research focus on verifying the facilitative effects of schemas on interpretation. Micro-level investigations into schema conflict, schema failure, and the interference of implicit stereotypes in the cognitive process of interpretation remain comparatively inadequate. Based on authentic consecutive interpreting practice for brine shrimp breeding technology at Xinjiang Yangguang Xiyue Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., this paper decomposes the complete micro cognitive chain of consecutive interpreting under the framework of Schema Theory: expectation activation - information matching - assimilation/accommodation - memory construction - linguistic production. Combined with on-site interpreting cases, it analyzes the operational mechanisms of terminological schemas, industrial convention schemas, technological process schemas, and industrial linkage schemas during pre-interpreting and on-interpreting stages. This study particularly reveals that schemas are not static knowledge repositories, but require continuous iteration alongside industrial technological innovation and deepened regional cognition. Cognitive risks arising from lagged schema updating are reflected in discrepancies between pre-established schemas from pre-interpreting preparation and real industrial conditions, as well as the lack of terminology for region-specific aquatic species. On this basis, this paper further differentiates the cognitive boundary between dynamic scientific schemas and implicit stereotypes in live interpreting scenarios, deduces the pathways through which stereotypes trigger schema failure, and analyzes how interpreters’ implicit biases such as the presupposition that “foreign experts possess superior technology” and “Xinjiang’s aquatic technology lags behind” interfere with information screening and target-text production. Finally, it proposes a practical framework for interpreters working in specific industries to construct scientific schemas and implement metacognitive monitoring, with dynamic schema iteration as its core cognitive tenet. The findings can provide cognitive references for interpreters engaging in consecutive interpreting for aquatic products and other similar technical domains.