密闭空间作业卫生防护科普需求分析及教学实践对策

Demand Analysis of Science Popularization for Health Protection in Confined Space Operations and Countermeasures for Teaching Practice

摘要: 密闭空间作业广泛覆盖航空航天、交通运输、矿产勘探、工程建设等多个国民经济重点行业，其封闭隔离、危害因素复杂蓄积的环境特征对作业人员生理与心理健康构成多重复合风险。本文以远洋船舶这一典型密闭空间作业场景为研究核心，系统梳理该场景下主要有害环境因素及其健康风险机制，整合归纳国内外高危作业领域职业健康宣教的核心理论模型与成熟实践范式，从职业健康需求、社会公众需求两个维度剖析当前密闭空间卫生防护科普工作的现实缺口，针对性提出兼具科学性与可操作性的科普教学优化路径与落地实施框架，为提升密闭空间作业人员自我防护能力、降低职业相关疾病发生率提供理论参考与实践依据。

Abstract: Confined space operations are widely carried out in key sectors of the national economy, including aerospace, transportation, mineral exploration, and engineering construction. Characterized by closed isolation and complex accumulation of hazard factors, the unique environment of confined spaces poses multiple compound risks to the physical and mental health of on-site operators. Focusing on the typical confined space operation scenario of ocean-going vessels, this paper systematically sorts out the main hazardous environmental factors and their underlying health risk mechanisms in such scenarios, summarizes the core theoretical models and mature practical paradigms of occupational health education and promotion in high-risk operation fields at home and abroad, and analyzes the practical gaps of current health protection science popularization for confined spaces from two dimensions: occupational health demands and general public needs. On this basis, this paper proposes targeted science popularization and teaching optimization paths and implementation frameworks with both scientific validity and operability, which can provide theoretical references and practical bases for improving the self-protection capabilities of confined space operators and reducing the incidence of work-related diseases.