工作记忆容量对古典诗歌顿悟式与分析式完形的影响

Effects of Working Memory Capacity on Insightful and Analytic Completion of Classical Chinese Poetry

摘要: 古典诗歌鉴赏中的意象完形既可能以突然产生答案的顿悟方式完成，也可能依赖连续推理的分析方式。本研究考察工作记忆容量是否与两类诗歌完形方式的采用及行为表现有关。预实验以汉语操作广度任务测查工作记忆容量，并按得分筛选出高、低工作记忆容量组。正式实验采用五言诗句变位词重组任务及2 (工作记忆容量：高、低) × 2 (完形方式：顿悟、分析)混合设计。结果显示，顿悟式完形的总体比例和正确率高于分析式完形，反应时短于分析式完形。工作记忆容量与完形方式在完形比例上存在交互作用：高工作记忆容量组的顿悟比例高于低工作记忆容量组，而两组的分析比例无显著差异。结果表明，工作记忆容量主要与古典诗歌完形策略的分布相关，为从个体差异角度理解诗歌顿悟的认知基础提供了行为证据。

Abstract: Imagery completion in classical Chinese poetry appreciation may occur either through insight, in which the solution emerges suddenly, or through analysis, which relies on continuous reasoning. The present study investigated whether working memory capacity is associated with the use of these two modes of poetic completion and their corresponding behavioral performance. In a preliminary experiment, working memory capacity was assessed using a Chinese version of the operation span task, and participants were assigned to high- and low-working-memory-capacity groups based on their scores. The main experiment employed a five-character classical Chinese verse anagram task and a 2 (working memory capacity: high vs. low) × 2 (completion mode: insight vs. analysis) mixed design. The results showed that insight-based completion had a higher overall proportion and accuracy rate than analysis-based completion and was associated with shorter response times. A significant interaction between working memory capacity and completion mode was found for the proportion of completion modes: the high-working-memory-capacity group showed a higher proportion of insight-based completion than the low-working-memory-capacity group, whereas no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the proportion of analysis-based completion. These findings suggest that working memory capacity is primarily associated with the distribution of strategies used in classical Chinese poetry completion, providing behavioral evidence for understanding the cognitive basis of poetic insight from an individual-differences perspective.