数据跨境流动背景下数据管辖的法律社会学反思

Legal-Sociological Reflection on Data Jurisdiction in the Context of Cross-Border Data Flow

摘要: 在目前的法律实践中，自贸区数据出境负面清单、海南高水平自由港与国家反制工具箱等管辖实践对于理论适配性已经提出了更高的要求，因此亟需重新审视传统主权理论的基础，充分理解数据空间的特殊性，朝着解决全球性问题的普遍国际法理论转换。本文以普遍国际法理论为基础，基于法律社会实践观察，构造以实践行动为核心的数据管辖理论，提出以数据领域高水平开放为前提、以规则反应的行动机制为核心的国际数据治理模型。

Abstract: Latest practices, including cross-border data export negative lists in free trade zones, institutional rules for Hainan High-Level Free Port, and national countermeasure toolkits, demand more adaptable theoretical frameworks. It is thus urgent to revisit traditional sovereignty foundations, recognize the unique attributes of data space, and shift toward universal international law to address global data governance challenges. Based on universal international law and real-world practices, this article develops a practice-oriented theory of data jurisdiction. It also proposes an international data governance model centered on rule-responsive operational mechanisms and grounded in high-standard opening up of the data sector.