迈向生育友好型社会进程中的城市实践与挑战——以郑州市为例

Urban Practices and Challenges in the Process of Moving toward a Fertility-Friendly Society—A Case Study of Zhengzhou

摘要: 在迈向生育友好型社会的进程中，构建完善的生育支持体系是推动人口高质量发展的关键举措。本文以郑州市为例，基于福利多元主义理论，从主体协同、政策支持、责任分担与实践路径四个维度，系统剖析了生育友好型社会构建的成效与困境。研究发现，郑州市在住房保障、医疗服务、教育就业等方面取得了显著进展，但与长沙市比较，仍面临直接育儿补贴缺少、流动人口生育权益覆盖不足、中小微企业产假执行率低、托育资源供需失衡等困境，根源在于政策协同不足、多元共担机制缺失及传统观念制约。为此，建议完善以居住证为载体的流动人口生育保障机制、构建政府–企业–个人成本共担的激励体系、依托大数据优化托育资源配置，并借鉴长沙经验，推动政策整合、文化转型与技术应用，为同类城市破解低生育率困境提供实证依据。

Abstract: In the process of building a fertility-friendly society, establishing a comprehensive fertility support system is a key measure for promoting high-quality population development. Taking Zhengzhou as a case study and based on welfare pluralism theory, this paper systematically analyzes the achievements and dilemmas in building a fertility-friendly society from four dimensions: multi-stakeholder coordination, policy support, responsibility sharing, and practical pathways. The findings show that Zhengzhou has made notable progress in housing security, healthcare services, and the coordination of education and employment. However, compared with Changsha, it still faces problems such as the absence of direct child-rearing subsidies, insufficient coverage of reproductive rights for the migrant population, low compliance with maternity leave among small and medium-sized enterprises, and a supply-demand imbalance in childcare resources. These problems stem from inadequate policy coordination, the absence of a multi-stakeholder cost-sharing mechanism, and the constraints of traditional attitudes. To address these issues, it is recommended to improve a residence-permit-based fertility protection mechanism for the migrant population, establish a government-enterprise-individual cost-sharing maternity leave guarantee fund, leverage big data to optimize childcare resource allocation, and draw on Changsha’s experience to explore direct subsidies for multi-child families, thereby providing empirical evidence for similar cities to tackle the low-fertility dilemma.