基于气象要素的贵阳机场目视进近条件分析

Analysis of Visual Approach Conditions at Guiyang Airport Based on Meteorological Factors

摘要: 利用贵阳机场2021年9月至2026年8月的常规观测资料，依据机场目视进近气象条件标准，统计分析了气象条件达标率的时间分布特征、地面风特征及气象条件不达标成因。结果表明：目视进近气象条件的时间分布具有明显的间歇性与波动性。达标率逐年呈上升趋势，月季分布表现出“夏优冬劣”的单峰型特征，并且，达标率在一日的午后至傍晚较高，日出前后较低。目视进近气象条件达标时段，内地面风以偏南风为主，整体风场条件较温和。不达标成因中，云底高不足占主导地位，雨层云是导致云底高不足的首要云状，低云与轻雾、弱降水叠加是制约目视进近的重要天气场景。

Abstract: Using the routine observational data of Guiyang Airport from September 2021 to August 2026, and according to the airport’s meteorological condition criteria for visual approach, the temporal distribution characteristics of the compliance rate, surface wind characteristics, and causes of non-compliance were statistically analyzed. The results show that the temporal distribution of the meteorological conditions for visual approach exhibits obvious intermittency and volatility. The compliance rate shows an upward trend year by year, and the monthly and seasonal distribution presents a unimodal pattern of “better in summer and worse in winter”. Moreover, the compliance rate is higher from afternoon to early evening and lower around sunrise. During the periods meeting the meteorological conditions for visual approach, surface winds are predominantly southerly, and the overall wind field conditions are relatively mild. Among the causes of non-compliance, insufficient cloud base height is dominant, with nimbostratus being the primary cloud type causing insufficient cloud base height; the combination of low clouds with light fog and weak precipitation is an important weather scenario restricting visual approach.