马克思主义剩余价值理论对当代资本主义金融化的批判

Marxist Theory of Surplus Value and Its Critique of Contemporary Capitalist Financialization

摘要: 马克思从生产力与人类发展内在统一的逻辑出发，创立了剩余价值理论，深刻揭示了资本主义剥削的本质与运行规律。根据马克思劳动价值理论分析，生产性劳动是创造价值和财富的唯一源泉，金融活动并不能创造出价值，它的实质仍然是对劳动者所创造的剩余价值的转移和占有，从而成为资本增殖的核心渠道，看似是改变了资本主义的剥削方式，实则并未突破剩余价值理论的阐释范畴。本文基于马克思主义剩余价值理论的核心内涵，界定当代资本主义金融化的表现与特征，剖析金融化背景下剩余价值的生产、积累与分配新形态，从而去揭示当代资本主义金融化的剥削本质与其中的内在矛盾，进而深化剩余价值理论对当代资本主义金融化批判的科学性与当代有效性，为认清当代资本主义本质提供理论支撑。

Abstract: Starting from the logic of the internal unity of productive forces and human development, Marx founded the theory of surplus value and profoundly revealed the essence and operating laws of capitalist exploitation. According to Marx’s labor theory of value, productive labor is the sole source of value and wealth, while financial activities cannot create value. Their essence is still the transfer and appropriation of the surplus value created by laborers, thus becoming a core channel of capital valorization. It seems to have changed the mode of capitalist exploitation, but in fact it has not broken through the interpretive scope of the theory of surplus value. Based on the core connotations of the Marxist theory of surplus value, this paper defines the manifestations and characteristics of contemporary capitalist financialization, analyzes the new forms of the production, accumulation, and distribution of surplus value under the background of financialization, and thereby reveals the exploitative essence and internal contradictions of contemporary capitalist financialization. It further deepens the scientific nature and contemporary validity of the critique of contemporary capitalist financialization by the theory of surplus value, providing theoretical support for understanding the essence of contemporary capitalism.