社区医疗机构对成人急性上呼吸道感染的抗生素处方行为回顾性研究
A Retrospective Study on Antibiotic Prescription Behaviors of Community Medical Institutions for Adult Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
DOI: 10.12677/md.2026.165070, PDF,   
作者: 关竹梅, 王 彦, 冯 鑫：珠海市中西医结合医院拱北社区健康服务中心，广东 珠海
关键词: 急性上呼吸道感染；抗生素；处方行为；回顾性研究；Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection； Antibiotics； Prescription Behavior； Retrospective Study
摘要: 目的：分析社区医疗机构对成人急性上呼吸道感染(AURI)的抗生素处方行为现状及影响因素，为基层抗菌药物合理应用提供参考依据。方法：采用回顾性研究方法，收集2023年1月至2025年12月珠海市中西医结合医院拱北社区健康服务中心成人AURI门诊病例2026例，分析抗生素处方率、用药种类、疗程及联合用药情况，并采用卡方检验和Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果：2026例患者中，抗生素处方率为36.28%，以头孢菌素类(32.92%)为主。单因素分析显示，就诊季节、年龄分组、病原学检查与抗生素处方率相关(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，未行病原学检查(OR = 1.619, 95% CI: 1.050~2.496)和秋冬季节就诊(OR = 1.089, 95% CI: 1.001~1.184)是抗生素处方的独立影响因素。结论：社区医疗机构成人AURI抗生素处方率仍处于较高水平，病原学检查开展率低。应加强基层抗菌药物管理，规范处方行为，促进合理用药。
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of antibiotic prescription behavior for adult acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURI) in community medical institutions, and to provide a reference for the rational use of antibacterial drugs at the grassroots level. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. 2026 cases of adult AURI outpatients at the Gongbei Community Health Service Center of Zhuhai Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital from January 2023 to December 2025 were collected. The antibiotic prescription rate, types of drugs used, treatment duration, and combination medication were analyzed. Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results: Among the 2026 patients, the antibiotic prescription rate was 36.28%, with cephalosporins (32.92%) being the main type. Univariate analysis showed that the season of visit, age group, and pathogen examination were related to the antibiotic prescription rate (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that no pathogen examination (OR = 1.619, 95%CI: 1.050~2.496) and visiting in autumn and winter (OR = 1.089, 95%CI: 1.001~1.184) were independent influencing factors for antibiotic prescription. Conclusion: The antibiotic prescription rate for adult AURI in community medical institutions is still at a relatively high level, and the rate of pathogen examination is low. It is necessary to strengthen the management of antibacterial drugs at the grassroots level, standardize prescription behavior, and promote rational drug use.
文章引用：关竹梅, 王彦, 冯鑫. 社区医疗机构对成人急性上呼吸道感染的抗生素处方行为回顾性研究[J]. 医学诊断, 2026, 16(5): 539-545. https://doi.org/10.12677/md.2026.165070

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