试析体育锻炼对大学生社交焦虑的影响
An Analysis of the Effects of Physical Exercise on Social Anxiety among College Students
DOI: 10.12677/ap.2026.1610496, PDF,   
作者: 刘淑琪：江苏师范大学教育学部，江苏 徐州
关键词: 体育锻炼；大学生；社交焦虑；Physical Exercise； College Students； Social Anxiety
摘要: 本文从生理、心理和社会层面讨论体育锻炼影响大学生社交焦虑的机制、研究分歧及风险条件。现有研究总体支持二者的负向关联，自我效能感、身体自我评价、自尊和社会支持提供了可能的解释，但横断面中介结果尚不能确立因果链条，干预效果也受样本与组织方式影响。公开评价、外貌比较和排斥性竞争可能增加部分学生的评价威胁，身体评价担忧较强、运动经验不足或已有社交回避者值得关注。短时焦虑升高与持续症状加重应予区分。高校可开展进步导向课程，组织低竞争、高合作的入门活动，培训组织者，并依据参与体验调整任务和支持方式，使锻炼在可承受的负荷与支持性互动中发挥心理健康促进作用。
Abstract: This paper examines physiological, psychological, and social mechanisms linking physical exercise to social anxiety among college students, alongside inconsistent findings and risk conditions. Existing research generally supports a negative association, with self-efficacy, physical self-perceptions, self-esteem, and social support offering possible explanations. However, cross-sectional mediation findings do not establish causal pathways, and intervention effects vary with samples and activity organization. Public evaluation, appearance comparisons, and exclusionary competition may heighten evaluative threat, particularly among students with pronounced physique concerns, limited exercise experience, or existing social avoidance. Transient anxiety should be distinguished from persistent symptom worsening. Universities can introduce progress-oriented courses, organize introductory activities emphasizing cooperation and low competition, train activity leaders, and adjust tasks and support according to participants’ experiences. Manageable physical demands and supportive interaction can help realize the mental health benefits of exercise.
文章引用：刘淑琪 (2026). 试析体育锻炼对大学生社交焦虑的影响. 心理学进展, 16(10), 312-320. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.1610496

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