秦皇岛盐碱地农业提质增效路径探究

Pathways for Quality and Efficiency Improvement of Agriculture on Saline-Alkali Land in Qinhuangdao

摘要: 目的：在乡村振兴和盐碱地综合利用背景下，分析秦皇岛滨海盐碱地农业治理、主体参与、产业融合与提质增效机制，提出可持续优化路径。方法：以昌黎县沿海盐碱水田为重点案例，综合2024~2026年公开报道、规划与项目资料及相关中文文献，采用文献研究、政策文本分析、案例归纳和比较分析。结果：秦皇岛已形成“灌排改善–耐盐良种–测土施肥–机械化服务–农技指导”相互配套的治理利用模式，2026年昌黎县水稻播种面积达4万亩、机械化插秧覆盖率超过98%；但仍存在土壤分级和水盐监测不足、工程与农艺后续管护衔接不紧、农户组织化程度不高、产业链偏短以及生态风险约束强化等问题。结论：应以分区分级和地种适配为基础，推进工程、农艺、生物改良协同，健全社会化服务和利益联结，延伸盐碱稻米加工、品牌和农旅链条，并以长期监测、风险保障和生态绩效评价支撑盐碱地农业提质增效。

Abstract: Objective: Against the background of rural revitalization and comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land, this study analyzes agricultural governance, stakeholder participation, industrial integration, and mechanisms for improving agricultural quality and efficiency in the coastal saline-alkali areas of Qinhuangdao, and proposes sustainable optimization pathways. Methods: Focusing on coastal saline paddy fields in Changli County, the study draws on public reports, planning and project materials from 2024 to 2026, and relevant Chinese literature, using literature review, policy-text analysis, case induction, and comparative analysis. Results: Qinhuangdao has developed an integrated governance and utilization model combining improved irrigation and drainage, salt-tolerant varieties, soil testing and formulated fertilization, mechanized services, and agricultural technical guidance. In 2026, the rice-sown area in Changli County reached 40,000 mu, with mechanized rice transplanting coverage exceeding 98%. However, challenges remain, including insufficient soil classification and water-salt monitoring, weak coordination between engineering and subsequent agronomic maintenance, low levels of farmer organization, short industrial chains, and increasing ecological risk constraints. Conclusions: Differentiated zoning and matching crops to land conditions should underpin coordinated engineering, agronomic, and biological improvement. Socialized services and benefit-sharing mechanisms should be strengthened; the processing, branding, and agro-tourism chains of saline-alkali rice should be extended; and long-term monitoring, risk protection, and ecological performance evaluation should support sustainable improvements in agricultural quality and efficiency on saline-alkali land.