基于ESP8266的田螺养殖水质检测和控制系统

Research on Water Quality Monitoring and Control System for Snail Breeding Based on ESP8266

摘要: 针对国内田螺散户养殖管理粗放、人工成本高，商用多参数水质监测设备价格昂贵、难以普及的问题，本文基于ESP8266 (NodeMCU V3)设计一款极低成本、可多参数协同调控的田螺养殖水质智能控制系统。系统可采集温度、TDS、溶解氧、pH值真实水质数据并实现自动换水控制；为降低硬件成本，本文采用创新性数值模拟方法，基于水环境演化机理建模，结合养殖时长与环境温度推演水质变化规律，在规避pH、溶解氧实体传感器高昂成本的同时，仍可纳入原有系统框架，保持接近实体传感器的水质预判与调控效能，实现无实体传感器条件下的水质超标预判、定时增氧与换水调控。系统基于Arduino IDE开发，支持本地网页与Blynk APP远程监测、超标报警及手动控制，预设田螺养殖安全阈值。实测表明系统运行稳定、响应迅速，整机硬件成本仅85元。设备拓展性强、适配小型塘口养殖场景，有效填补低成本水产智能设备空白，助力散户田螺养殖智能化升级。

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of extensive management and high labor cost for small-scale snail farmers in China, as well as the high price and low popularization of commercial multi-parameter water quality monitoring equipment, this paper designs an ultra-low-cost intelligent water quality control system for snail aquaculture with multi-parameter coordinated regulation based on ESP8266 (NodeMCU V3). The system can collect real water quality data of temperature, TDS, dissolved oxygen and pH value and realize automatic water exchange control. To reduce hardware cost, this paper adopts an innovative numerical simulation method, establishes a water environment evolution mechanism model, and deduces the variation law of water quality combined with breeding duration and ambient temperature. While avoiding the high cost of physical pH and dissolved oxygen sensors, it can still be integrated into the original system framework and maintain the water quality prediction and regulation performance close to that of physical sensors, realizing water quality excess prediction, timed aeration and water exchange regulation without physical sensors. Developed with Arduino IDE, the system supports remote monitoring, over-limit alarm and manual control via local web pages and the Blynk APP, with preset safety thresholds for snail breeding. Practical tests show that the system runs stably and responds rapidly, with a total hardware cost of only 85 RMB. Featuring good expansibility and suitability for small-scale pond scenarios, the system fills the gap in low-cost intelligent aquaculture equipment and facilitates the intelligent upgrading for small-scale snail farmers.