数字时代未成年人犯罪低龄化的原因及治理路径探析

Analysis of the Reasons and Governance Path of the Lowering of the Age of Juvenile Delinquency in the Digital Age

摘要: 未成年人的健康成长是社会长治久安与社会治理现代化建设的重要基石。数字技术的普及重构了当代未成年人的成长环境，互联网、短视频、人工智能、社交平台等数字化载体深度融入未成年人日常生活，在丰富其认知渠道的同时，也催生了新型未成年人犯罪形态。结合最高人民检察院发布的司法数据来看，我国未成年人犯罪呈现出显著的低龄化、网络化、智能化特征，传统暴力犯罪占比下降，帮助信息网络犯罪活动、网络诈骗、网络欺凌、虚拟财产侵权等数字型犯罪逐年攀升。未成年人犯罪低龄化问题，不仅损害未成年人身心健康，破坏家庭稳定秩序，也对社会治理提出了全新挑战。本文立足于数字时代发展背景，系统梳理数字环境下未成年人犯罪低龄化的现实特征，从个人、家庭、学校、数字社会环境四个维度剖析深层成因，借鉴域外未成年人数字犯罪治理经验，针对性提出适配数字时代的预防与治理路径，为完善未成年人司法保护体系、遏制低龄化犯罪态势提供理论参考。

Abstract: The healthy growth of minors is an important cornerstone of social stability and modern social governance. The popularization of digital technology has reconstructed the growth environment of contemporary minors. Digital carriers such as the Internet, short videos, artificial intelligence and social platforms are deeply integrated into the daily life of minors. While enriching their cognitive channels, they also give rise to new forms of juvenile delinquency. According to the judicial data released by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, juvenile delinquency in China presents obvious characteristics of younger age, networking and intelligence. The proportion of traditional violent crimes has decreased, while digital crimes of a digital nature such as the crime of assisting information network criminal activities, online fraud, cyberbullying and infringement upon virtual property have been rising year by year. The lowering of the age of juvenile delinquency not only harms the physical and mental health of minors and undermines family stability, but also poses entirely new challenges to social governance. Against the backdrop of development in the digital era, this paper systematically sorts out the practical characteristics of the lowering of the age of juvenile delinquency in the digital environment. It analyzes the underlying causes from four dimensions: individuals, families, schools and the digital social environment. Drawing on overseas governance experience concerning juvenile digital crimes, this paper puts forward targeted prevention and governance pathways adapted to the digital age, so as to provide theoretical references for improving the judicial protection system for minors and curbing the trend of delinquency among younger juveniles.