王世贞与严羽的“隔空对话”——《艺苑卮言》对《沧浪诗话》的隐性反驳与理论重构

“Dialogue across Time” between Wang Shizhen and Yan Yu—Implicit Refutation and Theoretical Reconstruction in Yiyuan Zhiyan against Canglang Shihua

摘要: 在中国古代诗学的演进脉络中，宋代诗学革新代表人物严羽所著《沧浪诗话》、明代复古派核心领袖王世贞的《艺苑卮言》，均为极具标志性的诗学理论著作，二者存在深刻且紧密的理论承袭关系。王世贞在显性层面承接了严羽《沧浪诗话》中“兴趣”“妙悟”等核心诗学范畴，又结合明代文学发展语境，通过重构概念内涵、梳理诗学发展脉络、调整批评标准等路径，建构起以“格调说”为核心的创新性诗学体系，实现了对严羽诗学理论的突破与超越，并建构起契合明代复古思潮的文学规范体系。这一理论传承与改造的过程，集中体现了明代文人对宋代经典诗学理论的创造性转化与创新性发展，折射出不同时代文学观念与文化语境的深层博弈，为中国古代诗学理论的动态演进研究提供了新的视角。

Abstract: In the developmental trajectory of ancient Chinese poetics, Canglang Shihua by Yan Yu, an innovative figure in Song-dynasty poetics, and Yiyuan Zhiyan by Wang Shizhen, the leading figure of the Ming-dynasty Archaist School, are landmark poetic treatises with profound theoretical inheritance between them. While Wang Shizhen explicitly inherits core poetic categories such as “xingqu” and “miaowu” from Yan Yu’s Canglang Shihua, he, against the literary context of the Ming Dynasty, reconstructs conceptual connotations, sorts out the developmental vein of poetics, and revises critical criteria. On this basis, he establishes an innovative poetic system centered on the “theory of style and tone”, achieves breakthroughs and transcendence over Yan Yu’s poetics, and formulates a literary normative system compatible with the Ming-dynasty archaist literary trend. This process of theoretical inheritance and reworking embodies the creative transformation and innovative development of classic Song-dynasty poetic theories by Ming literati. It reflects the profound interplay of literary ideas and cultural contexts across different eras, and offers a new perspective for the study of the dynamic evolution of ancient Chinese poetic theories.