数字技术赋能制造企业竞争优势的机制研究——基于绿色创新与韧性传导的整合框架

Research on the Mechanism of Digital Technology Empowering Manufacturing Enterprises’ Competitive Advantage—An Integrated Framework Based on Green Innovation and Resilience Transmission

摘要: 在数字经济与实体经济深度融合的背景下，数字技术应用如何驱动制造企业竞争优势提升，成为学术界与产业界共同关注的核心议题。本文基于动态能力理论与资源基础观，以2012~2024年中国A股制造业上市公司为研究对象，构建“数字技术应用→绿色技术创新能力→数字化运营韧性→企业竞争优势”的链式中介模型，并考察高管数字化集权度的调节作用。实证结果表明：数字技术应用显著提升制造企业竞争优势，该效应在国有企业中尤为显著；绿色技术创新能力与数字化运营韧性在数字技术应用与竞争优势之间发挥链式中介作用，其中数字化运营韧性是距离竞争优势最近的关键中介变量；高管数字化集权度对数字技术应用与竞争优势的关系具有显著负向调节效应，过高的集权度反而削弱技术投入的回报。研究揭示了数字技术从“技术投入”到“竞争优势”转化的能力链与边界条件，为制造企业推进数字化与绿色化协同转型提供了理论依据与管理启示。

Abstract: In the context of deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, how digital technology application drives the improvement of manufacturing enterprises’ competitive advantage has become a core issue of common concern in both academia and industry. Based on dynamic capability theory and resource-based view, this paper takes Chinese A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2012 to 2024 as the research object, constructs a chain mediation model of “digital technology application → green technology innovation capability → digital operational resilience → enterprise competitive advantage”, and examines the moderating role of executives’ digital centralization of power. The empirical results show that: digital technology application significantly enhances manufacturing enterprises’ competitive advantage, and this effect is particularly significant in state-owned enterprises; green technology innovation capability and digital operational resilience play a chain mediating role between digital technology application and competitive advantage, among which digital operational resilience is the key mediator closest to competitive advantage; executives’ digital centralization of power has a significant negative moderating effect on the relationship between digital technology application and competitive advantage, and excessive centralization of power weakens the return on technology investment. The research reveals the capability chain and boundary conditions of digital technology transformation from “technology investment” to “competitive advantage”, and provides a theoretical basis and management implications for manufacturing enterprises to promote the synergistic transformation of digitalization and greening.