从“流动的陌生人”到“治理合伙人”：“邻”机“益”动工作法介入新就业群体社会工作的实践逻辑——基于望江街道“小哥圆桌会”制度化参与渠道的深度考察

From “Floating Strangers” to “Governance Partners”: The Practical Logic of the “Lin Ji Yi Dong” Working Method in Social Work with New Occupational Groups—An In-Depth Investigation Based on the Institutionalized Participation Channel of the “Deliverymen Roundtable” in Wangjiang Subdistrict

摘要: 随着平台经济的深入发展，以外卖骑手、快递员、网约车司机为代表的新就业群体规模持续扩大，但其在权益保障、社会融入和基层治理参与等方面面临结构性困境，传统服务模式难以有效回应其复合型需求。本文以杭州市上城区望江街道“小哥圆桌会”文明实践项目为研究对象，系统考察“邻”机“益”动工作法(拎–聆–领–令)这一本土社会工作模式介入新就业群体服务的实践逻辑。该工作法作为“小哥圆桌会”运行模式的专业实践路径，即“拎”——会前议题征集，“聆”——会中诉求聆听，“领”——会中专业引领，“令”——会后协同联动，形成了从需求评估到赋能自治的完整闭环。研究通过问卷调查、深度访谈和参与式观察对项目成效进行系统评估。“邻”机“益”动工作法有效提升了新就业群体的社区参与度与诉求回应效能，并在培育骨干自治力量方面取得显著成效。本文揭示了该工作法的本土创新价值，并基于实证提炼制度化参与、精准化服务、优势转化、协同治理、可持续保障五条优化路径。同时，本文对模式的推广条件与潜在风险进行了批判性反思。

Abstract: With the rapid expansion of the platform economy, the population of new occupational groups—represented by food delivery riders, couriers, and ride-hailing drivers—has grown substantially. However, these groups continue to face structural challenges in terms of rights protection, social integration, and participation in grassroots governance, and traditional service models struggle to effectively respond to their compound needs. Taking the “Deliverymen Roundtable” civilization practice project in Wangjiang Subdistrict, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, as a research case, this paper systematically examines the “Lin Ji Yi Dong” working method—an indigenous social work model intervening in services for new occupational groups. As the professional practice pathway of the “Deliverymen Roundtable” operating model, the method consists of four steps: “Lin” (topic collection before the meeting), “Ling” (listening to expressed needs during the meeting), “Ling” (professional guidance during the meeting), and “Ling” (collaborative follow-up after the meeting), forming a complete closed loop from needs assessment to empowered self-governance. Employing questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation, the study evaluates the project’s outcomes. The findings indicate that the working method has effectively enhanced community engagement and responsiveness to expressed needs, while achieving notable results in cultivating grassroots leadership. The study reveals the indigenous innovative value of this working method and distills five optimization pathways: institutionalized participation, precision service, strength transformation, collaborative governance, and sustainable safeguards. The paper also offers critical reflections on the conditions for replicating the model and its potential risks.