“谁又能把这世界想个明白呢？”——《我与地坛》疑问句的对话性功能分析

“Who Can Ever Make Sense of This World?”—A Study on the Dialogic Functions of Interrogative Sentences in The Temple of Earth and Me

摘要: 本文以史铁生的《我与地坛》为研究对象，以人民文学出版社2010年版文本中的59处疑问语料为分析对象，从巴赫金的对话性理论出发，结合疑问句的形式类型、潜在对话对象及语篇功能，考察其对话性特征及文本意义。研究发现，作品中的疑问句以特指问和反问为主，多数不期待现实回答；其对话对象主要包括自我、读者、命运及现实人物，形成了多层次的对话关系。疑问句通过自问、自答与再追问构建作者与自我的内在对话，并通过面向他者和读者的持续追问，将个人生命经验逐渐拓展至对苦难、生命和存在意义的普遍思考。研究表明，疑问句不仅承担提问功能，也是《我与地坛》中组织思想、构建对话关系和生成开放性意义的重要语言资源。

Abstract: This study takes Shi Tiesheng’s The Temple of Earth and Me as its research object and analyzes 59 interrogative instances identified in the 2010 edition published by the People’s Literature Publishing House. Drawing on Bakhtinian dialogism, the study examines the dialogic features of interrogative sentences in terms of their formal types, potential addressees, and discourse functions. The findings show that specific questions and rhetorical questions are the predominant forms, while most interrogative sentences do not expect actual answers. Their potential addressees mainly include the self, readers, fate, and real-life figures, thus constructing multiple layers of dialogic relationships. Through self-questioning, self-answering, and further questioning, interrogative sentences construct an internal dialogue between the author and the self. Through sustained questioning directed toward others and readers, they gradually extend personal life experiences to broader reflections on suffering, life, and the meaning of existence. The study demonstrates that interrogative sentences are not merely question forms but also important linguistic resources for organizing thought, constructing dialogic relationships, and generating open-ended meanings in The Temple of Earth and Me.