老年数字弱势群体的社会成因与权利保障

Social Causes and Rights Protection of the Elderly Digital Vulnerable Groups

摘要: 在老龄化与数字化双重转型背景下，老年人数字鸿沟已从单纯的技术适应问题演变为复杂的社会融入与权益保障议题。本文运用社会支持理论等分析工具，结合法律规范系统剖析老年人数字鸿沟的多维成因。研究认为，老年人数字鸿沟本质上是一种结构性失权现象，其背后既有个体能力衰减、代际权力转移等社会学机制，也有法律约束不足、公共服务失当等宏观结构性原因。本文在梳理数字鸿沟现状的基础上，从主观学习困难与客观社会排斥两个维度剖析成因，提出通过适老化制度设计、代际数字反哺和多元协同治理等路径，实现老年人从“数字边缘”向“数字包容”的转变，为老龄社会保障和社会工作介入提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the dual transformation of population aging and digitalization, the digital divide among the elderly has evolved from a mere issue of technological adaptation into a complex topic of social integration and rights protection. Employing analytical tools such as the Social Sup-port Theory and integrating legal regulatory perspectives, this paper systematically dissects the multidimensional causes of the digital divide among the elderly. The study posits that the digital divide among the elderly is essentially a phenomenon of structural disempowerment, underpinned by both sociological mechanisms such as declining individual capacity and intergenerational power shifts, and macro-structural factors including insufficient legal constraints and inadequate public service provision. Building on a review of the current state of the digital divide, this paper analyzes its causes from two dimensions: subjective learning difficulties and objective social exclusion. It further proposes pathways including age-friendly institutional design, intergenerational digital feedback, and multi-stakeholder collaborative governance to facilitate the transition of the elderly from the “digital periphery” to “digital inclusion”, with a view to providing theoretical and practical references for old-age social security and social work intervention.