短视频赋能下老年人身份重构的规制研究

Regulatory Study on the Identity Reconstruction of Older Adults Empowered by Short Videos

摘要: 在人口老龄化与媒介数字化双重时代背景下，短视频凭借其低门槛、易操作、强社交等特性，成为老年人实现数字融入与社会身份重构的重要载体。通过研究发现，退休引发的职业身份断裂、家庭代际关系中的话语权弱化以及社会交往中的自我认同危机，共同构成老年人传统身份困境的主要维度。短视频通过内容生产中的角色再造、社交互动中的群体归属重建、流量反馈中的价值感获取以及代际反向接触中的话语权力转移等机制，为老年人提供了身份重构的多元路径。然而，法律供给滞后于数字实践、平台权力与个体权利失衡、算法逻辑与人文价值冲突构成了赋能过程中的结构性张力。优化赋能效果需要平台、法律以及社会的参与，助力老年人跨越数字鸿沟，使老年人充分享受数字红利。

Abstract: Amid the dual context of an aging population and the digitalization of media, short videos—characterized by low entry barriers, ease of use, and strong social capabilities—have emerged as a vital medium for older adults to achieve digital integration and reconstruct their social identity. Research indicates that the professional identity rupture triggered by retirement, the diminished voice in intergenerational family dynamics, and the crisis of self-identity in social interactions collectively constitute the primary dimensions of the traditional identity challenges faced by older adults. Through mechanisms such as role redefinition in content production, reconstruction of group belongingness in social interactions, acquisition of a sense of value via traffic feedback, and transfer of discursive power in intergenerational cross-generational engagement, short-form videos provide older adults with diverse pathways for identity reconstruction. However, structural tensions persist in this empowerment process: lagging legal frameworks relative to digital practices, an imbalance between platform power and individual rights, and conflicts between algorithmic logic and humanistic values. Optimizing these empowerment outcomes requires coordinated efforts from platforms, legal institutions, and society to help older adults bridge the digital divide and fully benefit from digital dividends.