农村电商发展中的“人–地–业”系统重构与农村空间优化研究

Research on the Restructuring of the “Human-Land-Industry” System and Rural Spatial Optimization in the Development of Rural E-Commerce

摘要: 数字乡村建设背景下，农村电商正以空前的速度渗透进入乡村经济与社会系统，深刻影响着中国乡村的人口格局、土地利用和产业结构。文章系统分析了农村电商对乡村人口流动、土地利用与产业发展的重构机制，探究了重构过程中的空间效应与政策适配性问题，并提出空间优化策略。研究发现：农村电商通过就业创造与收入提升驱动劳动力回流与就业转型，推动土地利用向宅基地功能复合化、仓储物流用地专业化，促进乡村产业向电商 + 农业 + 服务业复合化集聚发展；重构过程中呈现空间集聚与分异并存、城乡联动增强等特征，但也面临耕地非粮化、用地供需矛盾等挑战。基于此，从土地利用弹性供给、空间布局差异化优化、多部门协同治理三个维度，提出兼顾电商发展与土地保护的空间优化路径，为乡村振兴与数字乡村建设提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of digital rural development, rural e-commerce is penetrating the rural economic and social system at an unprecedented rate, exerting a profound impact on the population pattern, land use, and industrial structure of rural China. This paper systematically analyzes the restructuring mechanism of rural e-commerce on rural population mobility, land use and industrial development, explores the spatial effects and policy adaptability in the restructuring process, and puts forward spatial optimization strategies. The study finds that rural e-commerce drives labor return and employment transformation through job creation and income growth; promotes the evolution of land use toward multifunctional homestead land, specialized storage and logistics land; and promotes integrated, agglomerated development of rural industries featuring e-commerce + agriculture + service industries. The restructuring process is characterized by the coexistence of spatial agglomeration and differentiation as well as strengthened urban-rural linkages, yet also faces challenges such as non-grain conversion of cultivated land and contradictions between land supply and demand. On this basis, this paper proposes spatial optimization paths that balance e-commerce development and land protection from three dimensions: flexible supply of land use, differentiated optimization of spatial layout, and multi-sector collaborative governance, so as to provide theoretical support and practical references for rural revitalization and digital rural construction.