代际支持变迁背景下老年人养老预期的重构研究

Research on the Reconstruction of Older Adults’ Elderly Care Expectations in the Context of Changing Intergenerational Support

摘要: 在人口老龄化持续和家庭结构转型的背景下，传统以子女供养、共同居住和家庭照料为基础的养老模式发生变化，老年人的养老预期也随之调整。本文以代际支持变迁为分析主线，探讨老年人养老预期重构的现实基础与内在逻辑。研究认为，代际支持并未简单弱化，而是在家庭规模小型化、人口流动常态化和空巢化趋势影响下，呈现出支持方式变化、功能分化和责任边界调整等特征。代际支持变迁促使老年人重新评估子女支持的现实可得性，重新理解家庭支持的功能边界，并在养老风险和代际情感关系中调整自身预期。进一步看，老年人养老预期的重构并不是从依赖子女到自主养老的单向转变，而是在家庭支持可得性和自我资源掌控感的共同影响下，形成家庭延续型、协商互助型、自主预备型和风险悬置型四种类型。本文有助于深化对代际支持变迁背景下老年人养老认知变化的理解。

Abstract: Against the background of continued population aging and family structural transformation, the traditional eldercare model based on adult children’s support, co-residence, and family caregiving is changing, and older adults’ expectations for later-life care are being reshaped. Taking changing intergenerational support as the main analytical thread, this paper examines the practical basis and internal logic of this reconstruction. The study argues that intergenerational support has not simply weakened; rather, amid smaller family size, normalized population mobility, and the growth of empty-nest households, its support patterns, functional roles, and responsibility boundaries are being reconfigured. These changes lead older adults to reassess the availability of support from adult children, reconsider the functional boundaries of family support, and adjust their expectations regarding eldercare risks and intergenerational emotional relations. Furthermore, this reconstruction is not a one-way shift from dependence on adult children to autonomous aging. Under the combined influence of family support availability and perceived control over personal resources, four types emerge: family-continuity, negotiated mutual-support, autonomous-preparation, and risk-suspension.