积极老龄化视域下老年人社会参与现状及提升路径

The Current State of Elderly Social Participation and Pathways for Improvement from the Perspective of Active Aging

摘要: 伴随我国人口老龄化程度持续加深，积极老龄化已然成为应对人口老龄化问题的重要指导理念，老年社会参与作为积极老龄化落地实施的关键内容，对提升老年生活质量、盘活老年社会资源具有重要现实意义。现有相关研究多聚焦老年社会参与的单一影响因素与表层现状梳理，普遍存在核心概念操作化模糊、理论嵌入深度不足、制约机制分析浅显、对策建议同质化等问题，较少基于完整理论框架开展系统性的深层归因与差异化路径探究。本文以积极老龄化“健康–参与–保障”三维框架为研究主线，结合社会活动理论、人力资本理论，采用规范文献研究法与二次数据分析法，明确文献检索与筛选规范，依托公开统计数据与现有实证成果，对积极老龄化、老年社会参与等核心概念进行多维度精细化界定，从参与意愿、参与结构、城乡差异、制度化建设四个维度系统梳理我国老年人社会参与的现实状况。在此基础上，分层剖析个体、家庭、社区、社会、政策五大因素的制约作用，厘清各类因素的主次关系与联动机制，识别老年社会参与困境的直接诱因与根本症结。结合现实发展痛点，本文针对性构建多主体协同、分层分类的优化提升路径，以期为完善老年社会参与体系、推进老年友好型社会建设、助力老龄事业高质量发展提供一定的理论参考与实践借鉴。

Abstract: With the continuous deepening of population aging in China, active aging has become a core strategy to respond to the aging society, and elderly social participation, as an important connotation and practical carrier of active aging, plays a vital role in improving the quality of life of the elderly, activating elderly human resources and promoting the high-quality development of the aging cause. This study systematically explores the current situation, practical dilemmas and optimization paths of social participation among the elderly in China to provide scientific reference for improving the elderly-friendly social governance system and promoting the localized implementation of the active aging strategy. Adopting the literature research method and current situation analysis method, this paper sorts out domestic and foreign academic achievements and policy documents related to elderly social participation, and combines the statistical data of national aging undertakings and the practical characteristics of social participation of urban and rural elderly groups to carry out comprehensive research. The results show that although the overall willingness of the elderly in China to participate in social activities is gradually increasing, there are prominent practical problems such as shallow participation level, single participation form, unbalanced urban and rural development and lack of normalized participation mechanism, and the development of elderly social participation is restricted by multiple factors including insufficient individual participation ability and digital literacy, weak family support, missing community participation carriers, backward social participation atmosphere and imperfect policy guarantee system. It is concluded that relying on the three-dimensional theoretical framework of active aging, multi-dimensional coordinated promotion of individual empowerment, family assistance, community support, social atmosphere construction and policy guarantee can realize the construction of a hierarchical and classified elderly social participation service system, fully release the value of elderly human resources, and inject sustainable impetus into the construction of elderly-friendly society and the high-quality development of aging undertakings in China.