认知功能衰退与老年人心理健康干预策略分析

Analysis of Cognitive Decline and Mental Health Intervention Strategies for the Elderly

摘要: 认知功能衰退是老年群体常见的生理退行性变化，其对心理健康的传导影响长期缺乏系统性地梳理与适配性干预路径。本文在梳理认知衰退对老年人情绪感知、社会适应双重作用机制的基础上，引入老年社会学的活动理论(activity theory)与连续性理论(continuity theory)作为分析框架，阐释社会参与对认知衰退老年群体心理健康的保护性作用。进而搭建包含认知功能分层评估、多维度心理健康评估、二者关联度校验的完整评估体系，再结合不同衰退阶段老年人的能力阈值，从针对性认知训练、常态化陪伴场景搭建、分层化社交活动设计三个维度提出梯度干预策略。研究成果可为老年康养领域相关主体开展认知衰退老年人群心理照护提供可落地的参考框架，助力提升该群体的心理福祉与整体养老质量。

Abstract: Cognitive decline is a prevalent physiological degenerative change among the elderly population. Its cascading impacts on mental health have long lacked systematic sorting and targeted intervention pathways. This paper first clarifies the dual action mechanisms of cognitive decline affecting the elderly’s emotional perception and social adaptation, and constructs a comprehensive assessment system covering hierarchical evaluation of cognitive decline, multi-dimensional mental health assessment, and correlation verification between the two indicators. Furthermore, according to the competence thresholds of seniors at different stages of cognitive decline, graded intervention strategies are proposed from three perspectives: targeted cognitive training, construction of regular companionship scenarios, and design of tiered social activities. The research findings can deliver a practical reference framework for relevant practitioners in the elderly care industry to implement psychological care for seniors suffering from cognitive decline, and help improve their psychological well-being and overall elderly care quality.