我国商事仲裁自裁管辖制度的变迁与优化

The Evolution and Optimization of the Kompetenz‑Kompetenz Doctrine in China’s Commercial Arbitration

摘要: 仲裁庭自裁管辖是国际商事仲裁的核心制度，承载当事人意思自治，维系仲裁程序独立、专业与高效运行的制度价值。2025年修订的《中华人民共和国仲裁法》第31条增设仲裁庭处理管辖权争议的规定，推动我国仲裁管辖异议规则向国际通行实践靠拢。但该条文仍留存结构性短板，例如：仲裁机构权力边界模糊、法院提前介入的模式削弱仲裁自身审理优势、造成司法资源耗损。当前的仲裁庭自裁管辖制度尚未完全契合自裁管辖的理论逻辑。制度优化应当依托司法解释进一步细化规则，厘清仲裁庭与仲裁委员会的审理分工，落实仲裁庭优先审查机制，推动司法审查适度后置。通过协调仲裁自治与司法监督二者关系，能够完善我国仲裁法律体系，提升我国在国际商事仲裁领域的制度话语权。

Abstract: Kompetenz‑Kompetenz of arbitral tribunals constitutes a core institution in international commercial arbitration. It embodies party autonomy and underpins the institutional values of independence, professionalism and efficiency in arbitral proceedings. Article 31 of the Arbitration Law revised in 2025 adds provisions empowering arbitral tribunals to resolve jurisdiction‑related disputes, aligning China’s rules on objections to arbitral jurisdiction with prevailing international practice. Nevertheless, this provision still contains structural deficiencies, including ambiguous power boundaries for arbitration institutions, erosion of arbitral adjudicative advantages due to premature court intervention, and depletion of judicial resources. The existing regime of Kompetenz‑Kompetenz for arbitral tribunals has not yet fully conformed to the theoretical logic of this doctrine. Institutional improvement shall further elaborate relevant rules through judicial interpretations, clarify the division of adjudicative responsibilities between arbitral tribunals and arbitration commissions, implement the priority review mechanism of arbitral tribunals, and appropriately postpone judicial review. By reconciling the relationship between arbitral autonomy and judicial supervision, China’s legal system of arbitration can be refined and its institutional discourse power in international commercial arbitration enhanced.