汉语“只有”与“是”字焦点结构加工差异——来自眼动追踪与指数高斯分布分析的证据

Processing Differences between “Zhiyou” and “Shi” Focus Constructions in Chinese —Evidence from Eye-Tracking and Ex-Gaussian Distributional Analyses

摘要: 语言理解涉及对语音、词汇、句法以及说话者语用意图等多层次信息的快速动态整合，这些信息通常依托特定的语法结构进行传递。语用信息是指说话者或作者未明确陈述但隐含在话语中的意图。焦点副词与焦点结构常用于构建语义对比并传递此类隐含意图。本研究结合眼动追踪技术与指数高斯分布分析方法，系统考察汉语读者在加工焦点副词“只有”和“是”字焦点句时的认知加工差异，旨在探讨不同强调形式的加工机制，进而揭示语用加工过程的复杂性。

Abstract: Language comprehension involves the rapid and dynamic integration of multiple levels of information, including phonological, lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic information, namely, the speaker’s pragmatic intentions. Such information is typically conveyed through specific grammatical structures. Pragmatic information refers to the intentions of the speaker or writer that are not explicitly stated but implied in the utterance. Focus adverbs and focus constructions are often used to construct semantic contrasts and convey such implicit intentions. The present study combined eye-tracking with ex-Gaussian distribution analysis to systematically examine differences in Chinese readers’ cognitive processing of the focus adverb “Zhiyou” and “Shi” focus construction. It aimed to explore the processing mechanisms of different emphatic forms and thereby reveal the complexity of pragmatic processing.